Titlebook: Swarming Landscapes; The Art of Designing Rob Roggema Book 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 adaptation complexity.climat

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Swarm Planning Methodology, The success of design charrettes lies in the successful use of local expertise and the collective creativity to visualise on maps the desired climate proof future. The COCD-method is successfully used in the Swarm Planning Experiment, creating specific Swarm Plans for the Eemsdelta region in the Netherlands.

首创精神

The Best City?,aptive strategies are implemented in the designs..It is clear that the best city doesn’t exist, but six actions are distinguished that enhance climate adaptive cities: analyse networks, focus on key nodes, free self-organising developments, plan the unplanned, release control and check-up regularly.

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Book 2012troversial: shortages of water, sea level rise and rises in average temperatures being but three examples. Arguing for more flexibility, the contributors view ‘complexity’ as the key to transforming the way we plan in order to better equip us to face uncertainties about our future environment.

多节

The Difficulties to Design for Climate Adaptation,ms. The topic of climate change adaptation is seen as a wicked problem, meaning that the problem has no definite solution, the problem is essentially unique, while ‘solving’ the problem new questions can be asked and new information can be added and the solution on one level of the system may lead t

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Turbulence and Uncertainty, urban patterns and the way spatial planning and design is practiced change accordingly..This timeframe is characterised by the free exchange of products, goods, information and values between consumers, who are also producers. It brings society beyond turbulence and in an uncertain timeframe. Uncer

Arrhythmia

Complexity Theory, Spatial Planning and Adaptation to Climate Change, climate change. The conditions under which a complex system is likely to change to higher levels of complexity are seen as important when this system needs to deal with and adapt to climatic changes. This understanding is used to develop a framework in which these changes can be examined and explai

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MAPLE

Networks as the Driving Force for Climate Design,ation as well as the near-future, already taken policy decisions, function as the starting point for the design. Network theory is subsequently used to identify the crucial nodes in the networks where a potential transformation is likely to be successful. These nodes can be defined making use of the

勉励

Swarm Planning Theory,s both seen from an academic as practice perspective, lack the possibility to deal with ­problems that are not straightforward, clearly defined and predictable: wicked ­problems. The majority of planning literature is still focusing on well-known ­problems and is operational within a governmental co

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Swarm Planning Methodology, the layer-approach a Spatial Planning Framework for Climate Adaptation is developed, consisting of five layers, each with their specific time-rhythm. All spatial elements can be connected to one of the layers, depending on the pace of change they tend to change. Subsequently the five layers can be