Titlebook: Surveying for Engineers; J. Uren,W. F. Price Textbook 1978Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1978 engine.engineer.surveying

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Macmillan Publishers Limited 1978

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Levelling,Levelling is the name given to the process of measuring the difference in elevation between two or more points. In engineering surveying, levelling has many applications and is used at all stages in construction projects from the initial site survey through to the final setting out.

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Optical Distance Measurement,Two disadvantages with the direct measurement of distance discussed in chapter 1 are, firstly, that the measuring process takes place on the ground (if the terrain is undulating this can be very difficult) and, secondly, when a lot of linear measurements are required, taping can be laborious and time consuming.

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Detail Surveying,In this chapter, methods are described for the preparation of plans at the common engineering scales of between 1 in 50 and 1 in 1000. The drawings so produced are used as records of existing areas or as a basis for the design and setting out of engineering works.

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Circular Curves,In the design of roads and railways, straight sections of road or track are connected by curves of constant or varying radius as shown in figure 9.1. The purpose of the curves is to deflect the road through the angle between the two straights, θ. For this reason, θ is known as ..

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