Titlebook: Surgical Treatment of Hilar and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma; Alfredo Guglielmi,Andrea Ruzzenente,Calogero Iacon Book 2008 Springer-Ver

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The Role of Laparoscopy in Preoperative StagingT, MRI, ultrasonography and PET scan, it is often difficult to identify small liver and peritoneal metastases at preoperative staging, and the precise extent of the disease along the hepato-duodenal ligament is difficult to determine. In about 25–46% of patients the condition of non-resectability is confirmed only at laparotomy[..]

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Perennial长期的

Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapiesor associated with chemotherapy [.], although other authors have suggested applying chemotherapy alone after surgical resection. However, the role of these treatments is not standardized throughout the various centers that manage biliary neoplasms.

LAITY

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Surgical Treatment of Hilar and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

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