Titlebook: Surgical Research; Basic Principles and H. Troidl,M. F. McKneally,W. O. Spitzer Book 1998Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media New

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Developing New Knowledge in Community Practice the creation of new technology, its early development and testing, or the initial application of new technology into clinical practice after it has been proven to be safe and efficacious. Evaluation of outcome by clinical trials or other analyses should become an inherent part of every surgeon’s pr

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Appraising New Information, many others report studies whose results are either invalid because of defects in their conduct or analysis, or ungeneralizable to other settings because of biases in the way they were executed. This chapter describes a framework within which the validity and generalizability of published research

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How I Read and Assess a Scientific Paperble information in a field (for example, when preparing a presentation, making an important decision for my hospital, or writing a scientific paper). It is not about how I browse through and select from the hundreds of articles that cross a surgeon’s desk. That task is quite personal. Selecting cred

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Publications Do Not Always Reflect the Real Worldrror, is not always what it seems. Journal publications rank high in the hierarchy of information sources for decisions regarding health care funding, research endeavors, and, ultimately, improved patient care. Editors and readers of peer-reviewed journals expect authors to maintain objectivity. Aut

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Facing the Blank Page/Screenaudience of potentially unlimited size and critical powers. This imaginary readership intimidates the writing process in a salutary way, because it reduces the presentation of totally spontaneous, ill-considered rubbish. In this sense, the writer’s block that prevents easy generation of the written

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Getting Your Abstract on the Programned, and how the author interprets them. In most instances, the organization or publication to which the abstract is submitted defines its length (usually one standard-size, double-spaced typewritten page, i.e., approximately 200 to 250 words), and that limit is inviolable. This required brevity pre

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Writing a Scientific Paperto some people and not to others, so if you don’t have the gift there is no point in trying hard. Both these statements are false. Be assured that to produce good scientific writing is always difficult. It always takes a long time, and it always needs revision after revision after revision. But you