Titlebook: Surgical Atlas of Cleft Palate and Palatal Fistulae; Ghulam Qadir Fayyaz Reference work 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 Cleft

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Anatomy of Cleft Palateic factors and environmental teratogens (maternal usage of corticosteroids, tretenoins, alcohol, anticonvulsants, and smoking during pregnancy) are assumed to be linked with development of cleft palate (LaRossa et al. .; Dixon .; Kosowski et al. .; Leslie and Marazita .)..It is categorized as anteri

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Physiology of Normal Palatetion of the hard and/or soft palate within the mouth. The palate is also known as the roof of the mouth or the oral cavity. It separates the nose or nasal cavity from the mouth. In the front and on both sides, the hard palate is lined by teeth; it extends at the back as a soft movable muscular potio

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Pathophysiology of the Cleft Palatea disorder of feeding, swallowing and impairment in the speech of individuals with a cleft palate. The degree and severity of disordered functioning is directly proportional to the size and type of defect in the palate. A disorder of eating, drinking, and swallowing challenges the nutritional intake

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Etiology of Cleft Lip and Palatef gestation because the frontonasal prominence fails to fuse with the maxillary prominence. Pathophysiology of the cleft lip and palate is multifactorial. Several genetic mutations and environmental factors are associated with cleft lip and palate.

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Antenatal 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D Sonographic Evaluation of Cleft Lip and Palatetrasound is hidden in the complete understanding of embryogenesis of fetal face. On a routine anomaly scan (18–21 weeks) a well-experienced radiologist can detect and categorize these anomalies. With the advent of high-resolution ultrasound machines, having 3-D and 4-D tools, we can now detect signs

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Genetic Factors Responsible for Cleft Lip and Palate estimated prevalence of 1: 1000 live births. On the basis of association with other anomalies, OFCs can be classified as syndromic (30%) and nonsyndromic (70%). To date, the major causes of OFCs remain largely unknown. Chromosomal abnormalities, Mendelian single gene mutations, and teratogenic effe

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