Titlebook: Stress Ecology; Environmental Stress Christian E.W. Steinberg Book 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Ecological proteomics.Eco

Infirm

Footprints of Stress in Communities,ty, reduced fecundity, or both, ultimately leading to extinction of populations and even entire species. More subtle effects include reduced growth, increased disease susceptibility, and increased rates of morphological anomalies (Allenbach 2011), as well as changes in food-web structures. Overall,

凹室

Environmental Stresses: Ecological Driving Force and Key Player in Evolution,rought and flood, are of major importance. Human interference can exacerbate these effects (Parsons 1995). Consequently, environmental stress is notoriously associated with population decline and extinction; hence, its potentially positive roles in shaping communities and triggering evolution are of

Fortuitous

巨大没有

Heat Shock Proteins: The Minimal, but Universal, Stress Proteome,to fruitflies. It was not until 1974 that these loci were proven the sites of transcriptional induction of genes encoding for a particular group of proteins, which were designated HSPs. It was even longer before it was recognized that they occurred in mammals and indeed at all evolutionary levels (Lindquist and Craig 1988).

Infantry

Heavy Metals: Defense and Ecological Utilization, both organisms and metals bears potential conflicts, forces organisms to handle such chemically stressful situations, and requires organisms to develop strategies to survive and evolve further and eventually to pass on the adverse challenge to competitors or predators.

记忆法

,Whatever Doesn’t Kill You Might Make You Stronger: Hormesis,with sublethal doses of diverse drugs (adrenaline, atropine, morphine, formaldehyde, etc.), a typical syndrome appears, the symptoms of which are independent of the nature of the damaging agent or the pharmacological type of the drug employed, and represent rather a response to damage as such”.

Fierce

s and evolutionary triggers.First comprehensive synopsis on .Not all stress is stressful; instead, it appears that stress in the environment, below the mutation threshold, is essential for many subtle manifestations of population structures and biodiversity, and has played a substantial role in the

Criteria

Terminal

Not All Is in the Genes,ential of an organism to translate into a phenotype, but there are many more mechanisms which determine the specific phenotype. Two mechanisms which bear clear environmental relations are the action of microRNAs (also see Fig. 7.6) and transgenerational or even epigenetic modes of action.

Heterodoxy

Multiple Stressors as Environmental Realism: Synergism or Antagonism,poxia or hyperoxia, highly acidic or highly alkaline conditions, saline environments, and natural xenobiotic chemicals among the abiotic factors. Biotic factors include intra- and interspecific competitors as well as various enemies including predators, parasites, and pathogens.