Titlebook: Stress Echocardiography; Eugenio Picano Book 20156th edition Springer International Publishing 2015 coronary artery disease.diagnosis.echo

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Hyperventilation, Handgrip, Cold Pressor, and Squatting Stress Echocardiographyptible patients, hyperventilation may trigger a vasospasm of a major epicardial coronary artery associated with chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes similar to those observed during spontaneous anginal attacks [1].

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Rational Basis of Stress Echocardiographylongitudinal strain, all contributing to changes in ejection fraction and to the pump function. In addition, systolic thickening is evaluated in a subjective and qualitative, not objective and quantitative, way and reflects the average transmural function, without discriminating between the subendoc

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Exercise Echocardiographycological [7, 8] not with exercise echocardiography, offering a more robust evidence-based platform for their use in clinical practice. Exercise echocardiography was only really applied as a clinical tool in the early 1990s [4], and it is now increasingly used for the diagnosis of coronary artery di

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Dobutamine Stress Echocardiographydoses (20 μg kg. min.), which gave low sensitivity values [6]; later, more aggressive doses were adopted (up to 40 μg kg. min.) [7, 8], and finally it was coadministered with atropine [9], which overcame the limitation of less than ideal sensitivity to minor forms of coronary artery disease.

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