Titlebook: Springer Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics; Gordon W. F. Drake Book 2023Latest edition Springer Nature Switzerland AG 202

外面

花争吵

Software for Computational Atomic and Molecular Physicsginal Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) community. The landscape of scientific computing today has become much more complex and with many more options. It is timely, therefore, to include a brief discussion of the software currently used in atomic and molecular physics. Collected t

GILD

aspect

喊叫

Atomic Multipoleshe density matrix are significant. This chapter studies the physical and geometrical significance of simple multipoles and examines whether symmetries allow a complete characterization of the ensemble with state populations. More thorough treatments can be found elsewhere 1 .

粉笔

AFFIX

Rydberg Atomsrvation of Rydberg series helped in the initial unraveling of atomic spectroscopy 1 . Since the 1970s, these atoms have been studied mostly for two reasons. First, Rydberg states are at the border between bound states and the continuum, and any process that can result in either excited bound states

加花粗鄙人

Rydberg Atoms in Strong Static Fieldsrbits are chaotic. Highly excited states of atoms have provided a laboratory for the study of this relationship. When classical trajectories are orderly, corresponding quantum spectra and wave-functions display the same type of order. When they are chaotic, the quantum spectrum is very complex, but

无能性

Hyperfine Structurethan the dominant one, the nuclear Coulomb field. It includes splittings of energy levels (and thus of spectral lines) from magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole interactions (and higher multipoles, on occasion). Isotope shifts are experimentally entangled with hyperfine structure, and the so-call

N防腐剂