Titlebook: Special Issues in Hypertension; Adel E. Berbari,Giuseppe Mancia Book 20121st edition Springer-Verlag Italia 2012 Aldosterone escape.Ambula

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Primary Aldosteronism: Rare or Common Condition in Hypertensive Patients and Normotensive Individualn sampling, should only be undertaken at tertiary referral centers that are experienced in performing and interpreting this test. The identification of a curable form of PA can be highly beneficial particularly in some subgroups of patients who are at high risk and can benefit most from a timely and

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Hypertension in the Very Old: Special Features, Therapeutic Approaches, and Problemsount. The risk of drug-induced orthostatic hypotension should always be taken into account but should rarely be a reason not to treat. Avoiding “going too low” is important not only at the initiation of therapy, but also during follow-up. Prospectively, other than blood pressure values could better

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Hypertension, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndromes if type 2 diabetes is diagnosed. An appropriate evaluation of total cardiovascular risk should guide the intensity of treatment, while screening for target organ damage and asking for a positive family history of early cardiovascular events are also useful tools.

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Salt, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseasea moderate reduction in salt intake in reducing blood pressure both in hypertensive patients, to a degree proportional to the severity of hypertension, and in normotensive subjects of all age groups. The relationship between habitual salt intake and the incidence of cardiovascular events, primarily

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Arterial Stiffness as an Early Marker of Organ Damagely classified at either low or moderate risk, when they actually have an abnormally high aortic stiffness placing them within a higher risk group. This chapter successively addresses the concept of . biomarker, applies it to arterial stiffness, describes the methodology of its measurement, provides

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Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension: The Role of Subclinical Organ Damage Electrocardiography and evaluation of urinary albumin excretion should be part of the routine assessment of hypertensive patients. Subclinical organ damage should be also measured during treatment because there is evidence that regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and reduction of proteinuria