Titlebook: Space and Astrophysical Plasma Simulation; Methods, Algorithms, Jörg Büchner Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), und

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Hybrid-Kinetic Approach: Massless Electrons codes in that the electrons are modeled as a fluid that can be considered even massless as in this chapter, while the electric field is not advanced in time, but instead calculated at the new time level from the advanced ion quantities and the magnetic field. In this chapter we concentrate on such

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Eulerian Approach to Solve the Vlasov Equation and Hybrid-Vlasov Simulationso recent advances in high-performance computing, the applications of Vlasov codes have experienced a substantial increase. These applications range from the astrophysical to the laboratory framework through space plasmas. Eulerian Vlasov algorithms are particularly suited for investigating specific

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Fully Kinetic Simulations: Semi-Lagrangian Particle-in-Cell Codesving particles to simulate the evolution of a collisionless plasma. We motivate this description based on the Klimontovich and Maxwell equations, before explaining the basic building block in a numerical implementation. Advanced methods and their trade-offs are mentioned, and good references that co

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Adaptive Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulationsunity use through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). It describes the underlining methodologies of modern codes using the University of Michigan’s Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) and the Block-Adaptive Tree Solar-Wind Roe-Type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) multi-physics code. We a

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Hybrid-Kinetic Approach: Inertial Electronsare modeled as a fluid. Most of the existing hybrid-kinetic codes neglect the electron mass (see Chap. 3) for a simplified calculation of the electromagnetic fields. There are, however, situations in which delay in the electrons response due to the electron inertia matters. This chapter concentrates

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