Titlebook: Solar-Terrestrial Relations; From Solar Activity Leonty Miroshnichenko Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under ex

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Structure and Dynamics of the Interplanetary Environment,e detail its internal structure, the main physical factors, as well as the electrodynamic processes that determine the solar-terrestrial connections. One of the main factors of interplanetary space is undoubtedly the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The IMF owes its existence to the solar magnet

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Anomalous Component of Cosmic Rays,ins light hydrogen ions .H, as well as heavier ions .He, C, N, O, Ne, Ar and, possibly, S, Si, and Fe with energies up to ~50 MeV/nucleon, which are found in interplanetary space and in the Earth’s magnetosphere. The chemical composition of this component differs from the solar and galactic content

雀斑

Transport of Particles in the Heliosphere,lous component of cosmic rays, etc.). In general, they occupy a huge range of energies (about 20 orders of magnitude). In particular, solar cosmic rays (SCR) occupy the range of kinetic energies from . ≥ 1 MeV to . ≥ 10, possibly up to ~100 GeV (for protons). Below we will present the basic informat

远足

ferment

Accelerated Particles in the Solar Atmosphere, and of all the processes in which they begin to participate. For example, the elemental composition and energy spectrum of SCR reflect, respectively, the composition of the solar atmosphere and the features of the acceleration mechanisms. Further, in addition to energy losses in ionization collisio

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hypertension

纪念

Influence of the Sun on the Biosphere,t only in the middle of the twentieth century, this vague area of cosmophysics was armed with a stock of necessary knowledge and received a conceptual basis for understanding and further study of the problem. The scale of this influence was well understood by many scholars of the past. So, in the ea

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