Titlebook: Solar Variability and Planetary Climates; Y. Calisesi,R. -M. Bonnet,M. Lockwood Book 2007 Springer-Verlag New York 2007 Aerosol.Atmospheri

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Detection and Attribution of Climate Change, and Understanding Solar Influence on Climatey begins with some motivating examples, and then summarizes the principles, problems and procedure without formal mathematics, before surveying results with an emphasis on possible solar effects, and why they are particularly problematic.

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1385-7525 ides an updated overview of the processes determining the in2 With a global average irradiance of 342 W/m , the Sun is by far the largest source of energy for planet Earth. In comparison, the internal energy produced by Earth 2 itself is only about 0. 087 W/m (Pollack et al. , 1993), which in turn i

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Assessing Solar Variability radiation, of its coronal mass ejections and of its solar wind. Located at roughly 150 million km from the Sun, right in the middle of the habitable zone and inhabited, the Earth is sensitive to these solar inputs. They, as well as the way the Earth reacts to them, determine the mean temperature of

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Solar Variability of Possible Relevance for Planetary Climatese models are required. Semi-empirical models can now accurately reproduce the measured records of solar total and spectral irradiance, as well as of the magnetic flux. They can also provide reconstructions of these quantities on longer time scales. Here a summary is given of some of the modelling ef

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Measurement of Total and Spectral Solar Irradiances clouds, and cycles water. For other planets and minor bodies, similar and appropriate physical processes occur, also powered by the Sun. The Sun varies on all time scales and a precise knowledge of the Sun’s irradiance and its variation is essential to our understanding of environments and physica

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Solar Irradiance Variability Since 1978y, there are three TSI composites available, called PMOD, ACRIM and IRMB, which are all constructed from the same original data, but use different procedures to correct for sensitivity changes. The PMOD composite is the only one which also corrects the early HF data for degradation. The results from