Titlebook: Soil Geography of the USA; A Diagnostic-Horizon James G. Bockheim Book 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Diagnostic S

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Argillic, Kandic, and Natric Horizons, relative dating, pedodiversity studies, and climate-change research (Franzmeier et al. 1985; Eghbal and Southard 1993; Othberg et al. 1997; Kemp et al. 1998; Karlstrom 2000; Holliday and Rawling 2006; Karlstrom et al. 2008; Wilson et al. 2010).

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Ortstein and Placic Horizons,ly rupture-resistance class recognized in the system. In contrast, a placic horizon does not require spodic materials and ranges between 1 and 25 mm in thickness (Fig. 18.2). Unlike the ortstein horizon, the placic horizon is not penetrated by roots except in fractures.

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ars.Contains photographs of all diagnostic horizons and mapsSince 1980, our understanding of the factors and processes governing the distribution of soils on the Earth’s surface has increased dramatically, as have the techniques for studying soil patterns. The approach used in this book relies on th

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Histic and Folistic Epipedons, cm thick. Both epipedons may be within an Ap horizon, depending on the amount of SOC in relation to the amount of clay. These horizons are comparable to the histic and folic horizons in the World Reference Base with the exception that the WRB has a 10-cm minimum thickness requirement for both horizons.

Adrenal-Glands

Cambic Horizon,irly extensive in the USA, the actual distribution is not known. The presence of the cambic horizon in a soil indicates a distinctive pathway of soil development (Smith 1986). Although this is the case, very little has been published on the genesis of cambic horizons in soils.

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Introduction, to be used in classifying soils; hence, they play a key role in modern soil classification systems such as . (ST; Soil Survey Staff 1999, 2010). They are also used in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group WRB 2007) and the Australian, Chinese, and Russian classification sy

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Approach,es containing the diagnostic horizon was obtained from the “Soil Classification Database” (SC; Soil Survey Division 2013a) (.) and “Official Soil Descriptions” (OSD; Soil Survey Division 2013b) (.) functions of the National Resource and Conservation Service (NRCS) of the US Department of Agriculture