Titlebook: Soft Matter Physics; An Introduction Maurice Kleman,Oleg D. Lavrentovich Book 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2003 PED.PES.ST

Ligneous

Condensed Matter: General Characteristics, the Chemical Bond, and Particle Interactions, of interactions between atoms or molecules, which therefore display statistical disorder. The requirement of maximum of entropy controls this state. Gases are outside the scope of this textbook. In contrast, the more condensed liquid and solid phases are controlled not only by entropy, but also by

hereditary

Atomic and Molecular Arrangements,groups of translations) and the 230 Schönflies-Fedorov groups (translations and point symmetries). These groups exhaust all possible symmetry groups with 3D discrete translations. In classic crystallography, the elements that build the symmetry of the group are atoms; they can be generally represent

Audiometry

MAIZE

脆弱带来

Elasticity of Mesomorphic Phases,ated with the deformation depends necessarily on the gradient of the director, ∇n, whose components . will be noted ... We assume that the distortions are small, |n../., where . is a typical molecular length. This assumption has some advantages, as follows:

forbid

Dynamics of Isotropic and Anisotropic Fluids,onal. If the system is slightly disturbed, it usually relaxes back to this equilibrium. Most of the perturbations relax quickly, over a characteristic time of collisions between the molecules (which is of the order of 10.-10. s for classic fluids). However some variables, called hydrodynamic variabl

Intrepid

Fractals and Growth Phenomena,sion: 0 for a point, 1 for a line, 2 for a plane, and so on. However, this classic picture is not a complete image of Nature, for “Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.” B. Mandelbrot, who de

Tidious

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Dislocations in Smectic and Columnar Phases,ious characteristics. Their elastic and plastic properties, which depend strongly on the Burgers vector, their relationship with disclinations, and so on, make them original with respect to their counterparts in 3D solid crystals. These dislocations are also worth studying in some detail because of

expound

Curvature Defects in Smectics and Columnar Phases,e reason why dislocations, the defects that break translational symmetries, are found in these phases. Defects involving other kinds of symmetry breaking might exist, such as disclinations or topological singular points, which break rotations.