Titlebook: Social Insects; An Evolutionary Appr Wolf Engels Book 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990 Bienen.Insekten.Sozialverhalten.Sozioevol

Grating

Evolution of Castes in Insects,species developed which possessed structures and functions of a rational nature and which became increasingly independent from their environment. These evolutionary tendencies were also promoted through either geographical, ecological, physiological or genetical isolation of populations.

Immunization

Regulation of Worker and Queen Formation in Ants with Special Reference to Reproduction and Colony importance with respect to the social systems. At present we are not able to formulate a comprehensive theory on this subject which would comprise all known facts and which would be applicable to all ants.

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Customary

Perception of Caste Problems,rm-blooded animals as well. Insect societies, on the other hand, have been studied since ancient times. Beekeeping was already developed in antiquity and in several countries (Fraser 1951), for instance in Lower Egypt which from the first dynasty onwards was officially called Bee-land. Honey hunters

exorbitant

Sexual Castes and Reproductive Strategies in Termites,olous development. The former relates to (and perhaps is a consequence of) the mechanism of sex determination, which differs from the haplo-diploid system of the H.. The latter allows the immature stages to play an active role in the social organization and to be subject to different social influenc

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Regulation of Worker and Queen Formation in Ants with Special Reference to Reproduction and Colony in a variety of social systems, and organisation forms, imply various mechanisms for the ensurance of adequate production rates of workers and reproductives in the societies. Numerous investigations have been made to elucidate the different caste induction mechanisms, but they rarely evaluated their

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Reproduction and Castes in Social Halictine Bees,eat bees). The H. are an enormous and abundant group, worldwide in distribution, arctic to tropical, and every continent has forms whose social biologies remain unknown. Although a few species nest in rotting wood, most make burrows in the soil. New and interesting types of social organization proba

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Castes in Xylocopine Bees, in bees (e.g., Michener 1974a). The methods and objectives of this review are the same as for the H. treated in the preceding chapter. The only xylocopine tribe treated in detail in 1974 is now called the A. (Michener 1974a, Chapter 27), then called simply the allodapine group of C.. We now know th

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Castes and Reproduction in Bumblebees,imorphism a main difference between the castes is the lifespan: queens are characterized by their longevity. Only young queens are able to hibernate and to start new nests, a characteristic workers lack. This caste characteristic is imposed on female larvae by their differentiation into queens and w