Titlebook: Social Costs of Transformation to a Market Economy in Post-Socialist Countries; The Case of Poland, Jan Adam Book 1999 Palgrave Macmillan,

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The Strategy of Transformation to a Market Economy3 the Czech Republic was an integral part of Czechoslovakia [CSR]), where market institutions barely existed, made fast changes in order not to remain behind its neighbours. The transformation was preceded, but mainly accompanied, by a large volume of literature. Most of the literature favoured a ra

Eructation

Transition to a Market Economy in Polandes — larger than in the CSR and Hungary; considerable erosion of the role of the domestic currency as a medium of exchange and store of value; and large foreign debts, to mention the most important problems. The so-called Balcerowicz programme introduced in January 1990 with the aim of stabilizing t

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maculated

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Unemploymentthat with transformation to a market economy labour shortages would turn into unemployment. Some reformers even went so far as to see in unemployment an indicator of the progress in transition. One Czech minister noted that 8 per cent unemployment would indicate that the republic was on the right pa

conformity

The Standard of Livingrategy, output declined and unemployment came about, and with it also a decline in the standard of living. and an increase in poverty. The consequences of the transformation for the standard of living came as no surprise. All that was surprising was the extent of the decline.

Communicate

Social Policyof people from the cradle to the grave. Social programmes were based on the socialist credo that society must take care of people who cannot work because of old age or disability or sickness, or because they have not yet reached the working age, and ensure that all citizens have access to health car

Budget

Poverty real incomes or of a basket of goods and services can be set in different ways; it should, however, be understood that it is relative in the sense that it varies in space and time. The poverty line is at different level in different countries. An average American poor person is certainly better off

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Conclusions the pressure of market forces, and economic actors are responding increasingly as in advanced capitalist countries. The legal infrastructure has not yet been completed — this is true especially in the CR — but with its completion the working of the system will probably improve.

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