Titlebook: Smoking Environments in China; Challenges for Tobac Ross Barnett,Tingzhong Yang,Xiaozhao Y. Yang Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) an

lavish

带来的感觉

Conclusions: Environments and Smoking in China,ways in which this community might contribute to more effective approaches to tobacco control. While western ideas of a tobacco endgame have not been seen as particularly relevant in China, there are, nevertheless, substantial research opportunities that may help contribute to that goal.

ornithology

有常识

Epidemiological Transition of Smoking in China, these models have been used to explain major shifts in smoking prevalence in richer nations and variations between different population groups. The chapter describes current smoking prevalence in China and how this compares to global patterns, especially those of other transition economies which ha

DENT

The Rise of China Tobacco: From Local to Global Player,h to the early twenty-first century. The chapter adopts a historical approach which links political and economic changes to the evolution of the state tobacco monopoly, the China National Tobacco Company (CNTC). It highlights the stages in the development of this monopoly structure, the changing imp

Radiculopathy

Forehead-Lift

Geographical Context and Cultural Practices Affecting Smoking,tion is paid to cultural norms and practices and regional cultural differences. Consideration is also given as to why smoking is higher in the countryside and the importance of cultural and socio-economic factors in this context. Finally, given the rapid urbanisation of China, an assessment is made

Arroyo

Gene408

Policy Environments for Tobacco Control,ns of the state and the turning point around 2012–2013 that moved China from the reform era of ‘fragmented authoritarianism’ to a more strategic and centralised system of ‘top-level policy design’. Historical and current challenges to tobacco control in China include community understanding of the h

广大

,Evaluating China’s Record of Tobacco Control, legislation; controls on advertising and the effect of health system interventions. In all cases the dominant conclusion is that China has ‘dragged its feet’ in implementing effective tobacco control measures. Its interventions have been weak compared to other middle-income countries and countries