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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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Abstract
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History-Taking Skills in Rheumatology |
Laila Alharbi,Hani Almoallim |
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Abstract
History taking in rheumatology is the most important skill needed for proper handling of a patient with a rheumatological complaint. Obtaining a good history will help you to reach almost 90% of your diagnosis. However, history taking is mostly depending on experience and practice rather than theoretical recall. Here in this section, we provide you with the most important points in history taking you should use while dealing with rheumatological patients. There is an approach to history taking in rheumatology started as with the classical approach in history taking like any other disease. There is much focus on rheumatological aspects related to the onset of joints pains, patterns, symmetry of joints involvement, number of joints involved, and ultimately rheumatology review of systems. We summarized the classic symptomatic correlations with certain rheumatological diseases. We present briefly a suggested approach to your presentation of the entire case.
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Approach to Musculoskeletal Examination |
Hani Almoallim,Doaa Kalantan,Laila Alharbi,Khaled Albazli |
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms are one of the most common reasons for patients to seek medical attention. Despite the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in all fields of clinical practice, doctors continue to describe poor confidence in their musculoskeletal clinical skills. Here in this chapter an overview of the epidemiology of MSK disorders and the current status of MSK competency skills among clinicians will be discussed. Then a general approach to MSK examination will be introduced. The rest of the chapter will address detailed approach to upper limb and lower and back joints examination. Each section will start with a brief approach to pains originating from each site. Good history is part of the MSK examination.
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Laboratory Interpretation of Rheumatic Diseases |
Altaf Abdulkhaliq,Manal Alotaibi |
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Abstract
Generally the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases is based on a set of clinical, serological, and radiological measures. The discovery of a novel test that appears to be considerably more disease-specific and preferably sensitive would be of value for the early diagnosis and immediate, effective therapy to prevent joint deterioration, functional disability, and unfavorable disease outcome [1].
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Pharmacotherapy in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases |
Layla Borham,Waleed Hafiz |
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Abstract
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
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Radiology in Rheumatology |
Nizar Al Nakshabandi,Ehab Joharji,Hadeel El-Haddad |
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Abstract
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
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Low-Back Pain |
Khaled Albazli,Manal Alotaibi,Hani Almoallim |
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Abstract
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
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Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases |
Rabab Taha,Maun Feteih |
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Abstract
Pulmonary manifestations cause a huge burden for connective tissue disease (CTD) patients. It has been associated with higher rates of mortality and morbidity.
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Nervous System and Rheumatology |
Emad Alkohtani,Amal Alkhotani |
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Abstract
The nervous system can be affected by many rheumatologic disorders. The involvements are different in various diseases. Some rheumatologic diseases have prominent nervous system features, e.g. SLE, while in others these are minor (Table 8.1).
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Diagnostic Approach to Proximal Myopathy |
Hani Almoallim,Hadiel Albar,Fahtima Mehdawi |
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Abstract
Patients with muscle disorders are a diagnostic challenge to physicians, because of the various ways of presentation. A comprehensive approach should be followed systematically in order to reach the correct diagnosis. Weakness is a common symptom among patients including those with central or peripheral nervous systems diseases and those with muscular and/or neuromuscular diseases. Muscle weakness is not only a regular finding in rheumatologic diseases, but in inflammatory myopathies as well. This chapter focuses on skills needed to approach any patient that presents with weakness, specifically proximal myopathy.
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Bones and Rheumatology |
Altaf Abdulkhaliq |
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Abstract
Bone is a target tissue in many inflammatory diseases including rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriatic arthritis.
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Fever and Rheumatology |
Mohamed Cheikh,Nezar Bahabri |
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Abstract
In all the patients with rheumatic diseases, fever should prompt an immediate and thorough evaluation. There are different disorders that can cause fever and arthritis. Fever that is thought to be due to active rheumatic disease is seen in over 50% of patients with SLE30. However, it can be also related to or a sequel of an infectious process. There are many infectious diseases with rheumatological manifestations. The aim of this chapter therefore is to address variable relationships of fever with patients with arthritis. Fever of unknown origin will be addressed as some systemic rheumatic disease may present with fever. It is always a dilemma when an established patient with arthritis presents with fever. What should you do? This issue is addressed with a suggested diagnostic approach that guides you in a stepwise manner until you reach to the definitive diagnosis.
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Thrombosis in Rheumatological Diseases |
Fozya Bashal |
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Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease of blood coagulation that occurs in the veins, most often in the calf veins first, from where it may extend and cause deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The first described case of venous thrombosis that we know of dates back to the thirteenth century, when deep vein thrombosis was reported in the right leg of a 20-year-old man [1].
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The Blood in Rheumatology |
Nahid Janoudi,Ammar AlDabbagh |
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Abstract
Hematologic disorders including anemia, white blood cells abnormalities, platelet abnormalities, coagulopathy, and hematologic malignancies can be manifested in many autoimmune rheumatic diseases [1].
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Renal System and Rheumatology |
Sami Alobaidi,Manal Alotaibi,Noura Al-Zahrani,Fahmi Al-Dhaheri |
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Abstract
Many rheumatic diseases can be associated with different complications in kidneys and urinary tract. The goal of this chapter is to provide a summary of renal manifestations in rheumatic diseases that is easily accessible by students, residents, and practitioners.
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Skin Manifestations of Rheumatological Diseases |
Taha Habibullah,Ammar Habibullah,Rehab Simsim |
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Abstract
There are many rheumatic diseases presenting with skin manifestations. This could be the first presenting feature of a systemic rheumatic disease. In addition, some of these skin manifestations could be an indication of an active disease or a sign of a serious medical emergency. In this chapter the skin manifestations of common rheumatic diseases will be described. Particular focus will be placed on rheumatic diseases with polyarthritis. The differential diagnosis of erythema nodosum will be discussed as this condition is observed in several disorders with arthritis. There are many drugs used in rheumatology. Some of them like allopurinol can lead to life-threatening dermatological conditions. A quick review on some of these conditions will be outlined. At the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to recognize different dermatological signs associated with patients with arthritis, discuss the differential diagnosis of erythema nodosum, and recognize life-threatening dermatological conditions.
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Cardiovascular Diseases and Rheumatology |
Rania Alhaj Ali,Hussein Halabi,Hani Almoallim |
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Abstract
The prevalence of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the different rheumatologic disorders is a very important topic. Each disease has a number of unique manifestations despite the fact that an overlap is present due to shared common risk factors, which may be related to the longer life expectancy of the recent therapeutic advances. A growing understanding of the role of inflammation and immune system in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the early detection of cardiovascular manifestations is due to the availability and use of sophisticated noninvasive cardiac and vascular diagnostic technology. Such discipline results in the detection of cardiac manifestation unique to each rheumatologic disorder. This was not possible previously due to short life expectancy, limited therapeutic interventions, vague understanding of pathological process for each disease, and the limited diagnostic resources.
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Gestational Rheumatology |
Hanan Al-Osaimi,Areej Althubiti |
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Abstract
There are changes that occur in the maternal organ systems due to increased demands of pregnancy. Most of the rheumatic disorders occur in the reproductive age group. The hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy may mimic the signs and symptoms of rheumatic disorders thereby making the diagnosis difficult. Rheumatological disorders need to be diagnosed and treated at least 6 months before the onset of pregnancy; otherwise they may have considerable effect on the prognosis of the disease. This is particularly evident in cases of SLE and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. Therefore, pregnancy is a crucial issue that needs to be clearly addressed in details in all female patients in the reproductive age group having some of the rheumatological disorders.
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发表于 2025-3-21 19:32:12
