Titlebook: Signal Transforms in Dynamic Measurements; Edward Layer,Krzysztof Tomczyk Book 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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Edward Layer,Krzysztof Tomczyk once the eccentricity distribution of the orbits is specified. Assuming an isotropic velocity ellipsoid, we find that the mass of the Galaxy is ≲ 5 × 10. M. at the 95% confidence level. If we assume that the Galaxy has a flat rotation curve out to several hundred kpc, then for isotropic orbits, the

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te resulting from stellar evolution in an old population of stars, .. = (../.. ≈ 2.2 × 10. s., when combined with the Hubble time, indicates that a fraction .... ≈ 0.01 of the stellar mass has been converted to gas; this is comparable to but somewhat less than the observed fraction.

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Classification and Parameters of Signals,n be real or complex functions of time. If signals do not repeat their values later, they are classified as random signals, which cannot be described by means of exact mathematical relations, due to their uniqueness. The classification of deterministic signals is presented in Fig. 1.1 while that of

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