书目名称 | Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1 | 编辑 | Renata Dmowska,Göran Ekström | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/867/866325/866325.mp4 | 丛书名称 | Pageoph Topical Volumes | 图书封面 |  | 出版日期 | Book 1993 | 关键词 | city; earthquake; seismic; subduction | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5846-5 | isbn_softcover | 978-3-7643-2962-4 | isbn_ebook | 978-3-0348-5846-5Series ISSN 2504-3625 Series E-ISSN 2504-3633 | issn_series | 2504-3625 | copyright | Springer Basel AG 1993 |
1 |
Front Matter |
|
|
Abstract
|
2 |
,Introduction, |
Renata Dmowska,Göran Ekström |
|
Abstract
The generation of large earthquakes in subduction zones presents a broad spectrum of challenging scientific problems in the Earth Sciences. From plate tectonics we know that subduction zones are locations where the oceanic lithosphere deforms and sinks into the mantle beneath the neighboring plate, and that they are a primary manifestation of mantle convection and dynamics. At shallow depths, the subduction processes give rise to volcanism and to most of the world’s seismicity, including the largest earthquakes. In addition, from a geological perspective, the shallow parts of subduction zones are also the areas of intense orogenesis and crustal deformation.
|
3 |
,Slip Partitioning along Major Convergent Plate Boundaries, |
Guang Yu,Steven G. Wesnousky,Göran Ekström |
|
Abstract
Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the forearc and back-arc regions. The deformation behind the trench may take the form of strike-slip motion, back-arc extension, or some combination of both. We observe from our analysis of the Harvard Moment Tensor Catalog that convergent arcs characterized by back-arc spreading, specifically the Marianas and New Hebrides, are characterized by a large degree of slip partitioning. However, the observed rates, directions, and location of back-arc spreading are not sufficient to account for degree of partitioning observed along the respective arcs, implying that the oblique component of subduction is also accommodated in part by shearing of the overriding plate. In the case of the Sumatran arc, where partitioning is accommodated by strike-slip faulting in the overriding plate, the degree of partitioning is similar to that observed along the
|
4 |
,Quantitative Estimates of Interplate Coupling Inferred from Outer Rise Earthquakes, |
Xinping Liu,Karen C. McNally |
|
Abstract
Interplate coupling plays an important role in the seismogenesis of great interplate earthquakes at subduction zones. The spatial and temporal variations of such coupling control the patterns of subduction zone seismicity. We calculate stresses in the outer rise based on a model of oceanic plate bending and coupling at the interplate contact, to quantitatively estimate the degree of interplate coupling for the Tonga, New Hebrides, Kurile, Kamchatka, and Marianas subduction zones. Depths and focal mechanisms of outer rise earthquakes are used to constrain the stress models. We perform waveform modeling of body waves from the GDSN network to obtain reliable focal depth estimates for 24 outer rise earthquakes. A propagator matrix technique is used to calculate outer rise stresses in a bending 2-D elastic plate floating on a weak mantle. The modeling of normal and tangential loads simulates the total vertical and shear forces acting on the subducting plate. We estimate the interplate coupling by searching for an optimal tangential load at the plate interface that causes the corresponding stress regime within the plate to best fit the earthquake mechanisms in depth and location..We find
|
5 |
,Seismicity in Subduction Zones from Local and Regional Network Observations, |
Carl Kisslinger |
|
Abstract
The data provided by local and regional seismograph networks are essential for the solution of many problems of subduction-zone seismology. The capabilities of such networks are limited by the instrumentation currently in common use and the unfavorable source-station geometry often imposed by the regional geography. Nevertheless, important contributions have come from the data gathered in many of the earth’s subduction zones. The accuracy of hypocenter locations based on regional data is affected by the complex velocity structures characteristic of subduction zones, but the problems are now well-understood. Examples of numerous studies of the spatial configurations of the seismicity in subduction zones and consequent interpretations of seismogenesis and subduction processes are reviewed. Studies of the distributions of earthquakes in time and with magnitude, for events down to the microearthquake level, have the potential for clarifying the earthquake-generating processes and, possibly, a basis for earthquake prediction. Other uses of local and regional network data have been for investigations of coda-ß and the identification of asperities in subduction zones.
|
6 |
,Aftershocks of the San Marcos Earthquake of April 25, 1989 (,, = 6.9) and Some Implications for the |
F. R. Zúñiga,C. Gutiérrez,E. Nava,J. Lermo,M. Rodríguez,R. Coyoli |
|
Abstract
Aftershock activity following the April 25, 1989 (.. = 6.9) earthquake near San Marcos, Guerrero, Mexico, was monitored by a temporary network installed twelve hours after the mainshock and remaining in operation for one week. Of the 350 events recorded by this temporary array, 103 were selected for further analysis in order to determine spatial characteristics of the aftershock activity. An aftershock area of approximately 780 km. is delimited by the best quality locations. The area of highest aftershock density lies inside an area delimited by the aftershocks of the latest large event in the region in 1957 (.. = 7.5) and it partially overlaps the zone of maximum intensity of the earlier 1907 (.. = 7.7) shock. Aftershocks also appear to cluster close to the mainshock hypocenter. This clustering agrees with the zone of maximum slip during the mainshock, as previously determined from strong motion records. A low angle Benioff zone is defined by the aftershock hypocenters with a slight tendency for the slab to follow a subhorizontal trajectory after a 110 km distance from the trench axis, a feature which has been observed in the neighboring Guerrero Gap. A composite focal mechanism f
|
7 |
,Long-term Earthquake Prediction along the Western Coast of South and Central America Based on a Tim |
Eleftheria E. Papadimitriou |
|
Abstract
The repeat times, ., of strong shallow mainshocks in fourteen seismogenic sources along the western coast of South and Central America have been determined and used in an attempt at long-term forecasting. The following relation was determined: .between the repeat time, ., and the magnitudes, .., of the minimum mainshock considered and .., of the preceding mainshock. No dependence of the magnitude, .., of the following mainshock on the preceding interevent time, ., was found. These results support the idea that the time-predictable model is valid for this region. This is an interesting property for earthquake prediction since it provides the ability to predict the time of occurrence of the next strong earthquake. A strong negative dependence of .. on .. was found, indicating that a large mainshock is followed by a smaller magnitude one, and ..The probability for the occurrence of the expected strong mainshocks (.. ≥ 7.5) in each of the fourteen seismogenic sources during the next 10 years (1992–2002) is estimated, adopting a lognormal distribution for earthquake interevent times. High probabilities (.. > 0.80) have been calculated for the seismogenic sources of Oaxaca, Chiapas and S
|
8 |
,Spatio-temporal Variations of Seismicity in the Southern Peru and Northern Chile Seismic Gaps, |
Diana Comte,Gerardo Suárez |
|
Abstract
The spatio-temporal variation of seismicity in the southern Peru and northern Chile seismic gaps is analyzed with teleseismic data (.. ≥ 5.5) between 1965 and 1991, to investigate whether these gaps present the precursory combination of compressional outer-rise and tensional downdip events observed in other subduction zones. In the outer-rise and the inner-trench (0 to 100 km distance from the trench) region, lower magnitude (5.0 ≤ .. < 5.5) events were also studied. The results obtained show that the gaps in southern Peru and northern Chile do not present compressional outer-rise events. However, both gaps show a continuous, tensional downdip seismicity. For both regions, the change from compressional to tensional regime along the slab occurs at a distance of about 160 km from the trench, apparently associated with the coupled-uncoupled transition of the interplate contact zone. In southern Peru, an increase of compressional seismicity near the interplate zone and of tensional events (5.0 ≤ ... 6.3) in the outer-rise and inner-trench regions is observed between 1987 and 1991. A similar distribution of seismicity in the outer-rise and inner-trench regions is observed with earthquak
|
9 |
,The 1986 Kermadec Earthquake and Its Relation to Plate Segmentation, |
Heidi Houston,Helen Anderson,Susan L. Beck,Jiajun Zhang,Susan Schwartz |
|
Abstract
To evaluate the tectonic significance of the October 20, 1986 Kermadec earthquake (.. = 7.7), we performed a comprehensive analysis of source parameters using surface waves, body waves, and relocated aftershocks. Amplitude and phase spectra from up to 93 Rayleigh waves were inverted for centroid time, depth, and moment tensor in a two-step algorithm. In some of the inversions, the time function was parameterized to include information from the body-wave time function. The resulting source parameters were stable with respect to variations in the velocity and attenuation models assumed, the parameterization of the time function, and the set of Rayleigh waves included. The surface wave focal mechanism derived (. = 275°, . = 61°, . = 156°) is an oblique-com-pressional mechanism that is not easy to interpret in terms of subduction tectonics. A seismic moment of 4.5 × 10. N-m, a centroid depth of 45 ± 5 km, and a centroid time of 13 ± 3s were obtained. Directivity was not resolvable from the surface waves. The short source duration is in significant contrast to many large earthquakes..We performed a simultaneous inversion of . and . body waves for focal mechanism and time function. The f
|
10 |
,Large Earthquake Doublets and Fault Plane Heterogeneity in the Northern Solomon Islands Subduction |
Zhengyu Xu,Susan Y. Schwartz |
|
Abstract
In the Solomon Islands and New Britain subduction zones, the largest earthquakes commonly occur as pairs with small separation in time, space and magnitude. This doublet behavior has been attributed to a pattern of fault plane heterogeneity consisting of closely spaced asperities such that the failure of one asperity triggers slip in adjacent asperities. We analyzed body waves of the January 31, 1974, .. = 7.3, February 1, 1974, .. = 7.4, July 20, 1975 (14:37), .. = 7.6 and July 20, 1975 (19:45), .. = 7.3 doublet events using an iterative, multiple station inversion technique to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of seismic moment release associated with these events. Although the 1974 doublet has smaller body wave moments than the 1975 events, their source histories are more complicated, lasting over 40 seconds and consisting of several subevents located near the epicentral regions. The second 1975 event is well modeled by a simple point source initiating at a depth of 15 km and rupturing an approximate 20 km region about the epicenter. The source history of the first 1975 event reveals a westerly propagating rupture, extending about 50 km from its hypocenter at a depth of
|
11 |
Back Matter |
|
|
Abstract
|
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1影响因子(影响力) 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1影响因子(影响力)学科排名 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1网络公开度 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1网络公开度学科排名 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1被引频次 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1被引频次学科排名 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1年度引用 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1年度引用学科排名 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1读者反馈 
书目名称Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1读者反馈学科排名 
|
|
|