Titlebook: Secondary Mitral Valve Regurgitation; Khalil Fattouch,Patrizio Lancellotti,Gianni D. Ang Book 2015 Springer-Verlag London 2015 Ischemia.Mi

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Prosthetic Ring Choice in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation,r geometry. Secondary regurgitation is due to left ventricular pathology which often distorts the mitral annulus (Schmitto et al., Cardiol Rev 18(6):285–291, 2010). Bolling and colleagues first popularized mitral valve repair using an undersized mitral annuloplasty in the 1990s to address this patho

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Papillary Muscle Relocation,and mitral annular dilatation, primarily along the posterior annulus. As the left ventricle dilates and the sphericity index increases, the papillary muscles are displaced laterally toward the apex and the interpapillary distance increases, resulting in distortion of the subvalvular apparatus and le

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Chordal Cutting: State of the Art,s et al., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105:439–442, 1993; Komeda et al., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 113:292–300, 1997), and doubles heart failure and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) (Grigioni et al., Circulation 103:1759–1764, 2001). Still common despite improvement in revascularization and med

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,The Role of the “Edge-to-Edge” in Mitral Valve Repair, an undersized annuloplasty. This procedure leads to symptomatic improvement and reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a substantial proportion of patients. However, the failure rate of undersized annuloplasty is still high and is mainly due to inappropriate patient selection and to technical

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Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy,ricular ejection fraction ≤35 %), sinus rythm, severe symptoms (NYHA class III/IV) in the presence of a QRS width ≥120 ms or moderate symptoms (NYHA II) in the presence of a QRS width ≥150 ms. (Class I Indication, Level of Evidence A) (Dickstein et al., Europace 12:1526–1536, 2010). In comparison wi

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Percutaneous Treatment in Mitral Valve Regurgitation, treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR). PMVI can correct MR by means of the direct or indirect reduction of mitral annular dilatation, or through intervention on the primary or secondary abnormalities of the mitral apparatus. Among PMVI techniques, the MitraClip system, which is able to reproduce t

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Two- and Three- Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging During Percutaneous Mitral Clip Procedure,ior mitral leaflet, a double orifice (Alfieri-like) mitral valve (MV) is created which decreases the annular dimension and MR severity (Wunderlich et al., Cardiol Clin 31:237–270, 2013). Echocardiography, mainly transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), plays a critical role in the procedure, not only

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Right Ventricle and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: An Unpredictable Interaction, The RV appears triangular-shaped in a lateral viewed and crescent-shaped in a cross-section one. In normal conditions, the septum is concave toward the left ventricle (LV) in both systole and diastole and the RV volume is larger than the LV volume, Although its mass is one-third of the LV. The stri