Titlebook: Scholarly Virtues in Nineteenth-Century Sciences and Humanities; Loyalty and Independ Christiaan Engberts Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if appli

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State and Scholarship: The Politics of Professorial Appointments,sments included teaching skills, financial situation, social profile, religiosity, and school of thought. When the Ministry received conflicting reports—or when Althoff took a special interest in the career of individual researchers—his informants’ advice could be disregarded at will.

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A Moral Economy of Scholarship: The Balance Between Loyalty and Independence,nce to go together easily in close, non-hierarchical relationships while hierarchical and institutional parties put pressure on the balance between the two virtues. In the end, however, the balance between them had to be established on a case-by-case basis.

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Introduction,phasizes one virtue but hardly pays any attention to how different virtues relate to each other. However, virtues can both conflict with each other and strengthening each other. Therefore, a closer look at the moral economy of scholarship allows for a better understanding of the way in which a varie

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A Helping Hand: Private Evaluation in Scholarly Correspondence,ve content. Scholars are often able to find a balance between collegiality and criticism. Practices of informal mutual evaluation differ across disciplines, however. The variety of evaluative practices in different disciplines is shaped by different ideas about the aims of scholarship and differing

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State and Scholarship: The Politics of Professorial Appointments,spondences with . Friedrich Althoff highlight both scholars’ loyalties and their desire for independence. Most informants express more loyalty towards the institutions advertising vacancies than their peers. Loyalty towards an institution was an accepted reason to keep a distance from colleagues. Al