Titlebook: Salt and Civilization; S. A. M. Adshead Book 1992 S. A. M. Adshead 1992 antiquity.commerce.Middle Ages.renaissance

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Late Tradition, Early Modernityecology, elaborated, developed and refined from antiquity, reached maturity and won its last triumphs. On the other hand, there appeared the shoots of a new ecology which were already providing the firstfruits of a different harvest. In production, controlled solar evaporation extended its by now an

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The Ottoman Salt Administrationistration was of greatest significance to it, however, the Ottoman state was a friend of the Habsburg empire and from Islamic was becoming first dynastic and then Turkish nationalist. In this chapter we make three further transpositions. First, we leave Europe, though for much of its history the Ott

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The Indian Salt Administration under the was part of the synarchic dimension of the European-centred world order. It was therefore international, innovative and modernizing. The Indian salt administration under the ., on the other hand, was part of the other side of the European-centred world order: direct colonialism by a single power. It

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The Chinese Salt Administration under the Late Empire and Early RepublicIn conclusion we turn to China itself. Salt administration began in China. It had there a longer continuous history as a major institution of state than anywhere else. Only Venice could rival it in institutional elaboration. In intellectual sophistication, with its administrative handbooks, technica

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l addiction. It has been an object of almost universal consumption since Neolithic times. This book sets out to place the particular histories of salt in a global perspective and write the history of a human commodity as a theme in world history. From pagan man, through classical Rome, Byzantium, ea

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