Titlebook: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation; ANTHONY W.D. LARKUM,ROBERT J. ORTH,CARLOS M. DUART Book 2006 Springer Science+Business Medi

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Sexual Reproduction of Seagrasses: Pollination in the Marine Context,ter relatives (i.e. the comparative method). There were no marine plants until angiosperms colonized marine coastal waters sometime in the Cretaceous, which is the earliest date of seagrass fossils (i.e. >100 × 10. years ago; den Hartog, 1970; Larkum and den Hartog, 1989). Prior to that time, bacter

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Seagrass Beds and Coastal Biogeochemistry,opy ranges from a few centimetres to more than a meter (Koch et al., Chapter 8), and seagrass rhizospheres may penetrate from centimetres (e.g. .; Duarte et al., 1998) to a few meters (e.g. .; Mateo et al., 1997) into the sediment, depending on the species. Seagrass beds may support large above- and

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9,es, or providing energy. In the framework of primary production ecology, the term‘nutrients’ is usually understood as ‘inorganic nutrients’, that is, inorganic salts or ions that provide the elements necessary for plant survival, growth, and reproduction. Almost all the natural occurring elements ar

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Oxygen Movement in Seagrasses,nd below-ground tissues. Compared to their leaves, seagrass roots and rhizomes may experience oxygen deprivation for shorter periods, but these below-ground tissues exhibit physiological adaptations which allow them to rely temporarily on anaerobic fermentative metabolism (Pregnall et al., 1984; Smi

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Dynamics of Seagrass Stability and Change, considerable structure and dynamics (cf. den Hartog, 1971). Seagrass meadows, at any one time, consist of a nested structure of clones, possibly fragmented into different ramets, each supporting a variable number of shoots. Thus, although apparently rather static, seagrass meadows are highly dynami

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Aquatic Optics: Basic Concepts for Understanding How Light Affects Seagrasses and Makes them Measurlects from benthic substrates, such as seagrasses. This chapter is meant as a primer for Chapter 13 (Zimmerman: Light and Photosynthesis in Seagrass Meadows) and Chapter 15 (Dekker et al., Remote Sensing of Seagrasses). Application of the theory presented here will be developed further in those chap

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