Titlebook: Russia’s Relations with the GCC and Iran; Nikolay Kozhanov Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive lice

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Russia and the Gulf States: Between West and East, United States has been the dominant actor but the former imperial powers, the UK and France, have retained important strategic and economic assets in the region. The Soviet Union, and then the Russian Federation in the 1990s and 2000s, was either excluded or had minimal influence. During the 2010s,

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Russian-Iranian Relations: Impact on , Gulf Interests, Iran’s role in Russia’s regional calculus widely contested. However, as substantiated in this chapter, Moscow and Tehran’s strategic differences do not impinge on their partnership. This chapter posits, that despite inconsistency in the partnership, Russian-Iranian alignment is likely to be an endu

夜晚

Russia-GCC Relations and the Future of Syria: Political Process and Prospects for the Economic Recooption of a new constitution, and free elections leading to a regime change followed by the provision to the new regime of the funds that are necessary for a full-scale Syrian reconstruction on the part of the West and the Gulf) is not viable anymore, because the regime believes that it has won the

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,Russia’s Policy Toward the War in Yemen,ssia, the illusory possibilities of strengthening the military presence there, and also the recognition of the dominant role of Saudi Arabia in the Yemeni conflict, relations with which began to improve again after the accession to the throne of King Salman in 2015. On the other hand, the deepening