Titlebook: Russia, EU and the Post-Soviet Democratic Failure; Bidzina Lebanidze Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under excl

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res the complexity associated with serially moving billions of bits of data per second. At these data rates, the assumptions associated with digital signals break down and analog factors demand consideration. T978-1-4419-4641-6978-0-387-79834-9

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2569-8672 this study contributes to the increasing body of literature that studies the causes of democratic recession and authoritarian backlash in post-Soviet states and the role of regional actors in these processes. Empirically, the study finds the EU to be both a democracy-promoting and democracy-hinderin

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Conclusions,ratic recession and authoritarian backlash in post-Soviet states and the role of external actors in these processes. The main focus of the study was on two most important regional actors – the EU and Russia – and on their interaction in the post-Soviet area.

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Book 2020literature that studies the causes of democratic recession and authoritarian backlash in post-Soviet states and the role of regional actors in these processes. Empirically, the study finds the EU to be both a democracy-promoting and democracy-hindering actor in post-Soviet states. Russia’s impact, o

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Measuring the external leverage in the post-Soviet states,w a higher degree of Russian leverage and a lower degree of EU leverage. The leverage cannot fully explain, however, every regime outcome and variance in the quality of democracy that has occurred in the short time period under study. Thus, the part of the puzzle remains to be solved.

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Introduction,-2004 electoral revolts dubbed as “color revolutions,” the 2013 “Euromaidan” protests in Ukraine and the 2012 electoral transfer of power in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Belarus have witnessed the continuous rule of the same ruling class by means of falsified elections and referendums.