Titlebook: Roadblocks to the Socialist Modernization Path and Transition; Evidence from East G Jutta Günther,Dagmara Jajeśniak-Quast,Hans-Jürgen Book

脖子

Inefficiency and Lack of Transparency in GDR Foreign Trade,ocialist world and with the non-socialist world. Pricing idiosyncrasies with multiple effective exchange rates made it impossible to obtain consistent aggregate statistics. Finally, foreign trade performance was camouflaged and kept secret in order to hide the true situation from the outside world.

Measured

inveigh

Taking Part, Apart: Inclusion of Researchers from the German Democratic Republic in Their Internatianswers: the right topic at the right time, a partial match between a field’s epistemic practices and the research conditions in the GDR, and the existence of “inclusion mentors” who actively promoted the inclusion of their younger colleagues.

Choreography

chisel

Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2024while they were centrally planned socialist economies with the periods when they transitioned to capitalism, the inability of socialist economies to modernize effectively and produce sustained economic growth is highlighted. Particular attention is given the role of technological progress in economi

共同时代

Development and Modernization Under Socialism and After: An Introduction,ern Central Europe (ECE) under Soviet rule, and it collapsed throughout the region in 1989–90. It had not fulfilled the high expectations concerning development and modernization. In the twentieth century, modernization was pursued along two roads, the liberal and the collectivist. What prevented th

guardianship

Aromatic

The Influence of Technical Progress on Economic Growth in the GDR, state leadership. However, empirical evidence on its contribution to economic growth is lacking. We analyze the impact of technical progress, based on staff qualifications, on productivity in the different economic sectors of the GDR between 1960 and 1989. We distinguish between academic, skilled,

Mettle