Titlebook: Ricin and Shiga Toxins; Pathogenesis, Immuni Nicholas Mantis Book 2012 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive lic

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The Induction of Apoptosis by Shiga Toxins and Ricin,otic ribosomes. There is now abundant evidence that Shiga toxins and ricin induce apoptosis in epithelial, endothelial, lymphoid and myeloid cells in vitro, and in multiple organs in animals when administered these toxins. Many studies suggest that protein synthesis inhibition and apoptosis inductio

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Animal Models of Ricin Toxicosis, its toxicity in intact animals. Because ricin can serve as a particularly well-characterized model of tissue damage, and the host response to that damage, studies of the mechanisms of ricin toxicity may have more general applicability. For example, our studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying

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Ricin Vaccine Development,it has been used in sporadic incidents of espionage. There is also concern that it will be used as an agent of bioterrorism. As a result there has been a great deal of interest in developing a safe vaccine or antidote to protect humans, and in particular soldiers and first responders. Although multi

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Ricin and Shiga Toxins: Effects on Host Cell Signal Transduction,ivation, inflammasome activation, the unfolded protein response, mTOR signaling, hemostasis, and retrograde trafficking. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of these signaling pathways as they pertain to intoxication by Shiga toxins and ricin.

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,Immunity to Ricin: Fundamental Insights into Toxin–Antibody Interactions,dies neutralize (or fail to neutralize) ricin in systemic and mucosal compartments. This information has had immediate applications in the design, development and evaluation of ricin subunit vaccines and immunotherapeutics.