Titlebook: Retroviral Immunology; Immune Response and Giuseppe Pantaleo,Bruce D. Walker Book 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2001 AIDS.

browbeat

不能约

Intrahost Selective Pressure and HIV-1 Heterogeneity During Progression to AIDS,e individual, HIV-1 population exists at any given time point as a swarm of mutant viruses, in which all viruses are genetically related yet virtually every virus is unique (intrahost heterogeneity) and is changing over time on almost a daily basis (intrahost evolution). Moreover, infected individua

Harass

Polymorphism in HLA and Other Elements of the Class I and II Response Pathways,ponents of unfamiliar intruders such as viruses and other microorganisms. Prominent among the systems for initiating an immune response to these foreign microbes is the machinery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), utilized by certain antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic ce

注意力集中

Immunologic Approaches to the Therapy of Patients with HIV Infection,o suppress HIV replication. As has been clearly established by a number of studies, effective suppression of HIV replication leads to an immediate improvement in immune function as evidenced by a marked decrease in opportunistic infections and increases in the naïve and memory CD4 T cell pools .. Un

不幸的人

Development and Reconstitution of T-Lymphoid Immunity,eld rewards in the treatment of human disease. Despite these gains, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, including many related to the factors that govern reconstitution of the immune system following its destruction in the setting of human disease.

惹人反感

dissent

Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses in Acute and Chronic HIV-1 Infection,histocompatibility complex (MHC); (2) antigen recognition, which is mediated by the T-cell receptor (TCR); and (3) the effector phase, during which antigen-activated T-cells express differentiated functions aimed at directly (cytolytic machinery) or indirectly (cytokine release) containing the pathogen.

人类

废止

Epidemiological and Immunological Implications of the Global Variability of HIV-1,ispecies) can differ in biological properties such as drug sensitivity ., coreceptor specificity ., and immunological susceptibility .. The viral quasispecies in a single individual is capable of eluding virtually any antiviral medication given as monotherapy (but not combination therapy .), and of slipping past the host’s immune response.

生锈

Characterization of the HIV-1-Specific T-Helper Cell Response,erson, but are held in check by a persistent and effective immune response. The existence of persons with chronic controlled HIV-1 infection suggests that a state of immunologic control may be achievable in this infection as well.