Titlebook: Republics at War, 1776-1840; Revolutions, Conflic Pierre Serna (Professor, Director),Antonino France Book 2013 Palgrave Macmillan, a divisi

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International War, National War, Civil War: Spain and Counterrevolution (1793–1840)of revolution and counterrevolution. That struggle produced nearly half a century of strife, involving several generations of Spanish people whose first apprenticeship in contemporary politics was through war.

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Pierre Serna (Professor, Director),Antonino France

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In Search of the ‘Glorious Peace’? to save the Republic, a war of ‘national defence’, in which case ‘the channel of negotiation represents a natural method’?. The question of why the war was being fought and how it could be brought to an end came up repeatedly; with it came another question, that of the role of republican diplomacy in the wars of the Revolution.

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From Individual to Collective Emancipation: War and the Republic in the Caribbean during the French t took hold in Saint-Domingue from August 1791, the insurgent slaves came to represent a reserve of manpower for the warring factions, who outbid each other in promises of freedom to attract the rebel slaves to their side.

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A ‘Black Declaration of Independence’?ively by a number of historians as the real radicals of a newly defined Enlightenment, freedom fighters whose struggle managed to push the limits of liberty beyond the accepted meaning of the time and towards genuine universalism. Other historians, however, strongly oppose the idea.

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Introductionly, seems to show the opposite. This need not be a reason to express indignation, however, or to look only to the counterrevolution for the causes of the conflict that rocked the Atlantic world between 1774 and 1815—accepting that republican war began long before 1792, with the patriots of the New W