Titlebook: Regional and National Elections in Eastern Europe; Territoriality of th Arjan H. Schakel Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Au

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Hungary: Are Neglected Regional Elections Second-Order Elections?,rnment faces two major challenges. First, local governments are the dominant actors in subnational politics and local civil organizations use regional assemblies as forum to voice local interests. Second, national parties have managed to capture most of the seats in regional assemblies and thereby n

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Poland: Nationalization Despite Fear of Regionalization,ic interest in subnational elections has increased primarily due to the introduction of directly elected mayors at all local levels of government (cities, towns, and communities) in 2002. In this chapter we take a fresh look at regional elections in Poland. Conceptually, our analysis shows that the

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Romania: Regional Persistence in a Highly Nationalized Party System,competition has become consolidated. Statewide parties manage to electorally homogenize the electorate through using a similar electoral system for regional and national elections and by holding regional elections just before national elections. However, in this chapter, we also find that regional p

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Russia: Nationalization Achieved Through Electoral and Institutional Engineering,ya (United Russia). This raises the question of what accounts for the excessive nationalization of the Russian vote? In this chapter we analyze this phenomenon systematically by studying elections for regional (.) parliaments held between 2003 and 2015. We find strong evidence that electoral institu

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Slovakia: The Unbearable Lightness of Regionalization,ections does not translate into second-order election effects. Due to radically different electoral systems used for regional and national elections, political parties are induced to form alliances in regional but not in national elections and electoral alliances crossing the government-opposition d

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