Titlebook: Rarer Arthropathies; Vinod Ravindran,Sham Santhanam,Mohit Goyal Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

facilitate

Ochronosis,ssive, disabling arthropathy predominantly affecting the large joints and the thoracolumbar spine). Patients can present with cardiovascular abnormalities, nephrolithiasis, and prostatic calculi. At present, there is no definite treatment for ochronosis, and management is largely symptomatic.

致敬

生锈

Chikungunya Arthritis,se, treatment is supportive care for a viral infection. As arthritis becomes chronic, emerging evidence suggests there may be a postinfectious inflammatory process and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, including methotrexate, may be of benefit.

adjacent

Miscellaneous Arthropathies,ment of the underlying medical disorder. Timely recognition and optimal management of the underlying conditions usually improve the MSK manifestations of these rare entities, however, specific therapies are required in certain conditions.

一再烦扰

Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema (RS3PE),associated malignancies. A low threshold for appropriate screening by age and gender is required in case an underlying malignancy is not evident at the time of clinical presentation. In this chapter, we review the major features of RS3PE, with emphasis on the clinical manifestations and the diagnosis.

仔细检查

SAPHO Syndrome,mmonly involves anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, or bisphosphonates while prolonged disease activity may warrant biologic medications. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors have the most supporting data from case series, and other biologics used to treat inflammatory arthritis and pustular skin disease have encouraging case reports.

Efflorescent

Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy,the cornerstone. Since NOA is a rare disease, only a few randomized trials are available to recommend an effective pharmacological therapy to promote the healing of NOA. The management plan usually pendulates between immobilization of the affected joint and surgical intervention where indicated.

心胸狭窄

Cheiroarthropathy and Other Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Diabetes,, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, hand osteoarthritis, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis are more common, and at times more severe, in those with diabetes. Management of these conditions involves the optimization of glycemic control. Physical therapy and intralesional corticosteroid injections form useful adjuncts for therapy.

箴言

隐语

Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy,lubbing is absent. Conventional radiographs showing periosteal reaction are crucial for diagnosis. Painful HOA is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Vascular endothelial growth factor and prostaglandin E2 have been proposed as key pathogenetic mediators together with shunting of the pulmonary vascular system.