Titlebook: Random Surfaces and Quantum Gravity; Orlando Alvarez,Enzo Marinari,Paul Windey Book 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1991 Gra

冷淡周边

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misshapen

新鲜

embolus

牙齿

Topological Strings and Loop Equationsntegrals [1]–[3], has led to a remarkable breakthrough [4]–[8]. Soon after the double-scaling limit of the matrix model was solved, an alternative approach to two-dimensional gravity was suggested by Witten along the lines of topological field theory [9].

achlorhydria

人类的发源

Matrix Models, String Field Theory and Topologynstrate this is to write the Mehta et. al.[1] formula for the partition function for a matrix chain with general nearest neighbor transfer matrix..and use a Grassmann integral representation of the Vandermonde determinants:

obtuse

Diffusion Equation, Continuum Limit and Universality in Two Dimensional Quantum Gravityg a diffusion equation. This method differs from the continuum limit originally presented in [1, 2, 7] in the following way: the continuum limit in these papers is obtained by firstly computing the matrix elements of a certain operator and subsequently taking the continuum limit of the matrix elemen

analogous

On Triangles and Squaresthe elementary k-gons that make up the surface, amounts to introducing certain statistical mechanical vertex models, which at criticality can modify the infrared behaviour of the theory. The simplest example is the Lee-Yang edge singularity [5] shown to correspond to the first non-trivial (. 3) mult