Titlebook: Radiology of the Pharynx and the Esophagus; Olle Ekberg (Professor) Book 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Dysphagie.Neurogene S

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Anatomy and Physiology,he esophagus. These are tubular structures with muscular walls, in certain areas containing bone and cartilage. Each compartment functions independently, but for a successful swallowing process a fi nely tuned coordination between the compartments is necessary. Each compartment acts as a hydrodynami

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Evaluation of Symptoms, often do not differentiate between these symptoms and report “swallowing problems”. The crossing of airway and digestive tract in the hypopharynx is a critical region for swallowing and respiration: if protection of the airway during swallowing is not secured, aspiration occurs. Moreover, the phary

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Imaging Techniques and Some Principles of Interpretation (Including Radiation Physics),eurologic examinations. The mouth and the pharynx and larynx can be reached only partially during more conventional clinical evaluation. The result of the radiologic examination should thus be put in a broader context together with the clinical history and the result of the clinical and neurologic e

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Pharynx,wallow (.; .). The swallowing process is regulated by a command centre in the brainstem, a central program generator which receives input from the cerebral cortex and peripheral muscle and directs the sequence of swallowing. This process is both voluntary and involuntary and incorporates motor activ

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Esophagus,on comprises two parts: single- and double contrast examinations to assess the morphology of the esophagus and the esophago-gastric junction, which may reveal signs of esophagitis, tumour, strictures or rings. Radiologic evaluation of the esophagus would be incomplete without assessing esophageal fu

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The Geriatric Pharynx and Esophagus, ageing) must be taken into account during clinical and radiological evaluation. In fact, theses changes do not normally impair the swallowing process and are thereby not symptomatic. However, when disease processes (secondary ageing) add to primary ageing they may result in significant impairment.