Titlebook: Question Answering over Text and Knowledge Base; Saeedeh Momtazi,Zahra Abbasiantaeb Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author

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Question Answering Evaluation,ch have been widely used as a benchmark in many recent works on KBQA, will be introduced and described. The structure of storing and retrieving information from knowledge bases and statistical characteristics of them will be covered in this chapter. Moreover, different evaluation metrics used for evaluating both types of QA models are explained.

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Book 2022f the data that can be unstructured text (TextQA), structured knowledge graphs (KBQA), and the combination of both. Developing a QA system usually requires using a combination of various important techniques, including natural language processing, information retrieval and extraction, knowledge grap

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Future Directions of Question Answering,inable QA systems, zero-shot transfer model for QA, and why-type QA. In this chapter, we will list different directions that can be taken into consideration for the future of QA. We also name some related works on these topics which show their importance and the early steps that have been taken so far to reach these goals.

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Book 2022introduces the neural and deep learning models used in QA systems. This chapter includes the required knowledge of deep learning and neural text representation models for comprehending the QA models over text and QA models over knowledge base explained in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. In some of t

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biogeochemical cycles in the South Indian Ocean will be better understood and evaluated. Numerous water samples along 3°S to 28°S allow detailed water mass analyses accompanied by a comprehensive study of nitrogen sources and cycling processes. We demonstrate the convergence and mixing of water mass

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Saeedeh Momtazi,Zahra Abbasiantaebe of effectiveness and limitations related to satellite data for APEI establishment were considered. As a result, it was confirmed that the satellite data captured spatiotemporal variation of the surface ecosystem, that the primary production calculated from the satellite data correlated with the am

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Saeedeh Momtazi,Zahra Abbasiantaeb veränderbare Institution verschoben (siehe Isin .). Das Verständnis von Staatsbürger*innenschaft als politischen Aushandlungsprozess kann im Kontext einer politischen Bildung dazu beitragen, defizitäre Vorgänge im demokratischen System zu identifizieren und zu verändern.

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