| 书目名称 | Policing the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro | | 副标题 | Cosmologies of War a | | 编辑 | Tomas Salem | | 视频video | | | 概述 | Offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of the world of policing within one of the most deadly police force.This is an open access book.Examines how social relations and an authoritarian order is constr | | 丛书名称 | Palgrave‘s Critical Policing Studies | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | .This book offers a unique look into the world of policing and the frontline of Brazil’s war on drugs. It analyzes the tensions produced by attempts to modernize Rio de Janeiro’s public security policies. Since the return of democracy in 1985, Rio‘s police forces have waged war against armed drug gangs based in the city’s favelas, casting the people who live in these communities as internal enemies. In preparation for the Olympics in 2016, the police sought to ‘pacify’ the favelas and their populations through the establishment of Pacifying Police Units (UPPs) in many of the city’s favela communities. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork with the police, this book follows officers across the institutional hierarchy in their daily activities, on patrol, and during training. Tracing the genealogies of contemporary forms of policing-as-warfare through the notion of ‘colonial war’ and ‘cultural war’, it highlights the material and ideational dimensions of war as a cosmological force that shapes Brazilian social relations, subjectivities, landscapes, economies, and politics. It draws on the Deleuzian notion of ‘war machine and state dynamics’ to show how practices of elimin | | 出版日期 | Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2024 | | 关键词 | Militarization; war; masculinity; race; predatory accumulation; necropolitics; fascism; post-colonial studi | | 版次 | 1 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49027-9 | | isbn_softcover | 978-3-031-49029-3 | | isbn_ebook | 978-3-031-49027-9Series ISSN 2730-535X Series E-ISSN 2730-5368 | | issn_series | 2730-535X | | copyright | The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2024 |
| 1 |
,Introduction, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
The introduction to this book defines cosmologies of war as different theories of the world that sees social dynamics through the optics of warfare, showing how the field of policing in Brazil can be understood through the histories of colonial and cultural war. These notions highlight the material and symbolic dimensions of the Brazilian state‘s war on drugs. I suggest that the Deleuzian concept of war machine and state dynamics is useful in untangling the overlapping tension, symbiosis, and blurring between different agents of power in Rio de Janeiro across binaries such as state and non-state, allowing us to grapple with an empirical reality where the police are both enforcing law and order and operating outside of it and where the state engages in symbiotic relationships to a multiplicity of agents and forces that challenge its sovereignty.
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| 2 |
,Favela/Asfalto, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter explores how the exotifying outsider gaze shaped my first encounter with Rio de Janeiro‘s favelas and the people living there. It shows how reified accounts the favelas imagine them as a series of problems to be solved through outside interventions. These accounts are challenged through ethnographic descriptions that focus on the changing demographics of the favelas and the diversity of opinions, experiences, and subjectivities among people from the favela as well as its other, the asfalto. The chapter concludes that the pacification project and urban development projects implemented prior to the 2016 Olympics largely catered to the needs of the population on the asfalto, intensifying militarized policing in the favelas and perpetuating a logic of war against populations and spaces symbolically coded as black.
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| 3 |
,Policing in Rio de Janeiro, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
In this chapter I describe how I gained access to the military police and examines the institutional and political dynamics of the pacification project. I argue that the tensions between attempts to modernize the police and the perpetuation of policing as warfare express ongoing processes of state transformation in Brazil. By bringing attention to these tensions we can gain a better understanding of how and why institutional reform processes fail, as well as how the police’s role in the emergence and formation of authoritarian state projects. While the pacification was a complex public security intervention shaped by different interests and objectives across multiple levels of scale, I argue that it is best understood as an attempt to capture the war machine dynamics operating across Rio’s urban landscape. That is, as a modernizing project that sought to expand bureaucratic state control both within the Military Police as well as the favelas.
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| 4 |
,The Postcard and the Frontline, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on how dynamics of . and ., or elimination and transformation, underpinned the UPPs by examining the everyday practices of policing at Santa Marta and Alemão, the two extremes of the pacification project. It discusses the complementarity and tension between militarized repression and attempts to assert a new moral order on the ground in pacified communities, exploring the religious tropes that informed this order. It shows how a militarized worldview contributes to a strict division between good and evil and how racialized policing is legitimized through a rhetoric of cultural difference, as well as the different strategies employed by the police to produce a new and upstanding citizen, respectful of police authority.
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| 5 |
,Police Masculinities, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the dynamics of male violence within the police. Arguing that the pacification should be understood as a project that sought to direct and control male aggression, it examines the fraught nature of attempts to modernize patriarchal subjectivities within the police. It explores how traditional forms of manhood are structured around men’s role as protectors and providers of their families as well as the effects of the demands placed on men to hide their vulnerabilities on professional as well as conjugal relations. Finally, the chapter analyzes how militarized and religious understandings of manhood have travelled across borders in the Americas and argues that militant masculinity is at the center of far-right attempts to transform Brazil into a religious police state.
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| 6 |
,Violent Becomings, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter explores how violence is reproduced and legitimized through processes of subjective formation that are shaped by the Military Police’s institutional hierarchy as well as the logic of war that characterizes policing in Rio’s favelas. The analysis focuses on how an ethics of individual responsibility and feelings of moral superiority associated with military identity shape the police officers‘ attribution of poverty to the moral shortcomings of favela residents, precisely because of the sociological proximity between the officers and the people living in the communities that they are set to patrol. It shows how the Christian-conservative moral order that the police officers try to install in the favelas is built around respect for police authority, family values, and religion, and how patriarchal authority in Brazil is exercised through practices of care as well as of force.
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| 7 |
,Modernizing Warriors, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter examines the tensions between attempts to modernize the police and the resistance towards these by analyzing the training of police officers through the Deleuzian notions of . and .. It shows how, on an institutional level, reform attempts failed due to the prevalence of a militarized institutional culture as well as a notion of cultural war that frustrated attempts to implement the human rights-framework in everyday police practices. Despite its softer rhetoric, understandings of policing as warfare also underpinned proximity policing, which was oriented towards gathering intelligence and gaining allies in the war on drugs. Rather than encouraging proximity and trust between police and the communities they patrolled, the prevalence of practices of elimination at the UPPs often deepened existing divisions.
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| 8 |
,A World of Warfare, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
This chapter examines the shadow of policing and the different forms of resource extraction that are made possible through the war on drugs in Rio‘s favelas. It shows how warfare produces zones for predatory accumulation and opportunities for a militarized entrepreneurialism that cuts across group divides, blurring distinctions between private and public; legal and illegal. By looking at the police‘s production of the favelas as territories governed through a state of exception, it raises the question of whether part of the far-right‘s appeal lies in his promise to reaffirm a colonial dynamic through deregulation; a frontier capitalism organized around old and new practices of predation.
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| 9 |
,The War Machine, |
Tomas Salem |
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Abstract
The concluding chapter of this book provides a brief biography of Jair Bolsonaro and examines the political turmoil leading up to his victory in the Presidential elections in 2018, focusing on the parliamentary coup against Dilma Rousseff, the expansion of the militias in Rio’s western region, and the assassination of Marielle Franco. By examining the war machine dynamics of policing in Rio’s favelas, it shows how the political project implemented by the Brazilian far-right during Bolsonaro’s time in office can be understood as the expansion and multiplication of colonial spaces, zones of exception and (dis)order where war became a permanent logic of governance. By tracing the genealogies of colonial and cultural war, we can understand the material and ideational dimensions of competing and seemingly contradictory political projects within the Brazilian state apparatus, and how capitalist expansion in Brazil relies on the continued production of a state at war with a part of its own population.
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发表于 2025-3-21 17:39:44
