Titlebook: Oxygen Transport to Tissue; Instrumentation, Met Haim I. Bicher (Associate Professor of Pharmacolog Book 1973 The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biologyhttp://image.papertrans.cn/o/image/705365.jpg

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3288-6blood; cast; hypoxia; metabolism; plasma; quality; tissue; transport

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Intracellular Oxygen Microelectrodesf the micro O. electrode since the method is essentially the same as has been published (7). Rather, I will first briefly discuss tests of its reliability and new calibration techniques; then some of our recent findings.

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High Speed Pulsatile Operation of Miniature Oxygen Electrodes selected to enhance spatial resolution, to obtain a faster time response to reveal changes in p0. within the cardiac cycle, and for low electrode O. consumption. Faster time response may provide new physiological information for possible future application in a research or clinical setting.

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Standardization of Producing Needle ElectrodesPlatinum micro-electrodes insulated with glass for Po.-measurements were first described by Cater and Silver (1961). Based on their work Lübbers and Baumgärtl (1967) developed a needle electrode with a tip diameter of 1.u for measurements of both oxygen and hydrogen tension in tissue.

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Absolute PO2-Measurements with Pt—Electrodes Applying Polarizing Voltage PulsingThe disadvantage of the normal polarographic measurement of oxygen pressure is that its reduction at the electrode surface consumes steadily oxygen. This results in an constant drain of oxygen out of the medium to be measured.

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Clinical Use of a New Intra-Arterial Catheter Electrode SystemUntil the recent development of continuously recording oxygen electrodes, the clinical monitoring of blood oxygen tensions depended on the findings from isolated blood specimens. The acquisition of such data was limited, expensive and often unreliable because of the unavoidable delay between sampling and reading.

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Flow Limited Properties of Teflon and Silicone Diffusion MembranesThe mass spectrometer equipped with a diffusion catheter can detect partial pressures of gases in tissues and blood vessels. The catheter consists of a small gauge stainless steel conduit with small openings at one end covered by a thin teflon or silicone membrane. The entire catheter can be inserted through the lumen of a sixteen gauge needle.