Titlebook: Orthopaedic Sports Medicine; An Encyclopedic Revi João Espregueira-Mendes,Jón Karlsson,Olufemi R. Ay Living reference work 2025Latest editi

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Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Sports Medicine,rtunity for this technology to significantly augment the physician-patient relationship and physician practice management. This chapter begins with the fundamentals of how artificial intelligence works. Next, the chapter details four reasons why artificial intelligence in sports medicine has become

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Biceps Muscle Injury,ic sports like weight-lifting. Patients commonly are between the ages of thirty and sixty years; smoking and anabolic abuse are confirmed risk factors. An unexpected extension force applied to the flexed elbow presents the characteristic trauma mechanism. The entity can be easily diagnosed clinicall

rheumatology

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Biofabrication Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Reconstruction,one to bone (ligaments). There is an increasing incidence in tendon and ligament tears, due to more intensive sporting activities or age-related tissue degeneration. The achilles tendon, supraspinatus tendon, and anterior cruciate ligaments are the tissues with greatest susceptibility for rupture am

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Biologic Strategies for Surgical Treatment of Knee Cartilage Injuries,e knee joint. Due to improvement in surgical techniques and technology, treatment options are increasingly available, allowing to treat a wide range of injuries, from minor to extensive lesions both acute and chronic. When addressed in a complex and careful manner, cartilage restoration procedures h

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Cartilage Injuries and Arthritis,tient. These lesions are often accompanied by concomitant pathologies, and in contrast to the weight-bearing joints including the knee and the hip, specific treatment regimens are missing. The diagnostic value of physical examination with rather unspecific clinical signs and radiographic imaging is

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Cervical Muscle Injury,es occur through either a specific incident (macro-trauma) or repetitive overload (micro-trauma) or a combination of both. Male athletes have a higher prevalence for developing cervical muscle pain compared with female athletes. It has been suggested that the control of buckling and undesirable cerv

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