Titlebook: Organizing Democracy; Reflections on the R Henk te Velde,Maartje Janse Book 2017 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 Popul

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,‘Association Is a Mighty Engine’: Mass Organization and the Machine Metaphor, 1825–1840, applying pressure on the government. In the twentieth century, this would be named a pressure group, but at the time of its emergence, the novel phenomenon did not have a name yet. This contribution explores the metaphor contemporaries used when referring to the new type of organization: that of th

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,‘Petition! Petition!! Petition!!!: Petitioning and Political Organization in Britain, ,. 1800–1850’titioning in the early nineteenth century, the advantages of petitioning are examined. Unlike other forms of political activity, petitioning had a strong constitutional basis and, uniquely, provided direct access to Parliament. Petitioning gave coherence to campaigns that were often riven by various

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,Can ‘The People’ Speak? Popular Meetings and the Ambiguities of Popular Sovereignty in the United Sy active, white, male Americans understood popular sovereignty and sought to put it into practice. All white, male Americans believed that a unitary public with a single will existed and that that will should rule in public life. But such a will did not exist, and Americans never agreed on how, exac

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Organizing in a Moment of Madness: Political Meetings and Clubs in 1848,ake political claims and to participate in politics. In this ‘moment of madness’, the feeling was broadly felt that suddenly ‘all is possible’. Millions of Europeans seized the revolutionary moment to gather in large popular meetings and to found political clubs. The cities of Paris and Berlin were

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The Democratic Framing of Protest in the Age of Revolution: The Language of Civil Rights and the Ortation in parliament organized and expressed themselves politically during the first half of the nineteenth century. The way their organizations and protest actions were legitimated—through references to constitutionally guaranteed civil rights—was a sign of adaptation to the new forms of democratic

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,Brilliant Failure: Political Parties Under the Republican Era in France (1870–1914),, this absence of unified and disciplined mass parties was not a synonym of political archaism. Modernization had followed an alternative way. It was characterized by a strong tradition of freedom of vote within the parliament. This tradition was seen as the core of the Republican tradition and a so

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Manipulation or Participation? Membership Inclusion in the Party Organizations of the German Socialrect democracy. Considering the need of these large political organizations to function efficiently, this criticism might seem appropriate. This chapter, however, provides a new perspective on political parties with the historical comparison of two primary examples of early party organizations. The