| 书目名称 | Organic Polymer Chemistry | | 副标题 | An Introduction to t | | 编辑 | K. J. Saunders | | 视频video | | | 图书封面 |  | | 描述 | This book deals with the organic chemistry of polymers which find tech nological use as adhesives, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers. For the most part, only polymers which are of commercial significance are considered and the primary aim of the book is to relate theoretical aspects to industrial practice. The book is mainly intended for use by students in technical institutions and universities who are specializing in polymer science and by graduates who require an introduction to this field. There are available several books dealing with the physical chemistry of polymers but the organic chemistry of polymers has not received so much attention. In recognition of this situation and because the two aspects of polymer chemistry are often taught separately, this book deals specifically with organic chemistry and topics of physical chemistry have been omitted. Also, in this way the book has been kept to a reasonable size. This is not to say that integration of the two areas of polymer science is undesirable; on the contrary, it is important that the inter-relationship should be appreciated. I was gratified by the favourable comments prompted by the first edition of the book and I | | 出版日期 | Book 1988Latest edition | | 关键词 | chemistry; polymer; polymer chemistry | | 版次 | 2 | | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1195-6 | | isbn_softcover | 978-94-010-7031-7 | | isbn_ebook | 978-94-009-1195-6 | | copyright | K. J. Saunders 1988 |
| 1 |
Front Matter |
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Abstract
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| 2 |
,Basic Concepts, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
A . may be defined as a large molecule comprised of repeating structural units joined by covalent bonds. (The word is derived from the Greek: poly-many, meros-part.) In this context, a large molecule is commonly arbitrarily regarded either as one having a molecular weight of at least 1000 or as one containing 100 structural units or more. By a structural unit is meant a relatively simple group of atoms joined by covalent bonds in a specific spatial arrangement. Since covalent bonds also connect the structural units to one another, polymers are distinguished from those solids and liquids wherein repeating units (ions, atoms or molecules) are held together by ionic bonds, metallic bonds, hydrogen bonds, dipole interactions or dispersion forces.
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| 3 |
,Polyolefins, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, polyolefins are defined as polymers based on unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one double bond per molecule. Polymers derived from unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons and dienes are considered in later chapters. At the present time the principal commercial polyolefins are polyethylene (polythene), polypropylene, polyisobutene, poly-butene and poly(4-methyl-l-pentene) together with related copolymers. These polymers are considered individually in subsequent sections after a brief account of relevant raw materials.
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| 4 |
,Polystyrene and Styrene Copolymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
In this chapter the homopolymer, polystyrene, is considered together with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers and styrene-α-methylstyrene copolymers. The important styrene-butadiene copolymers are described with other diene polymers in Chapter 20. The use of styrene in the cross-linking of unsaturated polyesters is described in Chapter 11.
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| 5 |
,Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Related Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
In this chapter the homopolymer, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is considered together with vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers and other vinyl chloride copolymers of lesser importance. Also discussed are the commercially important copolymers of vinylidene chloride.
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| 6 |
,Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Related Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
In this chapter poly(vinyl acetate) and some vinyl acetate copolymers are described. The important copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate are dealt with in Chapters 2 and 4 respectively. Also considered are poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl acetal)s, which are derivatives of poly(vinyl acetate).
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| 7 |
,Acrylic Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, acrylic polymers are defined as polymers based on acrylic acid and its homologues and their derivatives. The principal commercial polymers in this class are based on acrylic acid itself (I) and methacrylic acid (II); esters of acrylic acid (III) and of methacrylic acid (IV); acrylonitrile (V); acrylamide (VI); cyanoacrylates (VII); and copolymers of these compounds. Acrylic-ethylene copolymers are described in Chapter 2. The important styrene-acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers are discussed in Chapter 3 whilst acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers are dealt with in Chapter 20.
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| 8 |
,Fluoropolymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
The commercial production of polymers containing fluorine is very small compared to the output of many other synthetic polymers. Nevertheless, several fluoropolymers are used in various important specialized applications. The principal commercial fluoropolymers at the present time are the homopolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (I), chlorotrifluoroethylene (II), vinyl fluoride (III) and vinylidene fluoride (IV) and various copolymers based on these monomers. These materials, together with a few other fluoropolymers of interest, form the contents of this chapter.
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| 9 |
,Miscellaneous Vinyl Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
In addition to the various vinyl polymers dealt with in the preceding chapters, many others have been described in the literature. A few have achieved some commercial significance. It is these miscellaneous vinyl polymers which are considered in this chapter.
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| 10 |
,Aliphatic Polyethers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, aliphatic polyethers are defined as aliphatic polymers which contain recurring ether groupings, . as a part of the main polymer chain. This definition excludes poly(vinyl ether)s, in which the ether groupings are in the side-chains; these polymers are dealt with in Chapter 8. Aromatic polyethers are considered in Chapter 12. Also included in this chapter are furan polymers, which may be regarded as cyclic polyethers.
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| 11 |
,Polyamides and Polyimides, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, polyamides are defined as polymers which contain recurring amide groups (-CO-NH-) in the main polymer chain. Various types of polyamides fall within this definition.
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| 12 |
,Polyesters, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
An ester is a compound whose structure may be derived by the replacement of the replaceable hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl, aryl, alicyclic or heterocyclic group. The most important esters are those derived from carboxylic acids; the structural formula of these esters is R-CO-O-R’. For the purposes of this chapter, polyesters are defined as polymers containing recurring -CO-O- groups in the main chain. It may be noted that this definition excludes polymers of esters such as vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate since in these polymers the ester groups occur in side-chains and not in the main chain.
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| 13 |
,Other Aromatic Polymers Containing ,-Phenylene Groups, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
Several of the polymers previously considered, e.g. poly(.-phenylene tere-phthalamide), polyethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate) and polyarylates have in common, .-phenylene groups as part of the main chain. Several other linear aromatic polymers possessing this structural feature are commercially available and it is these polymers that are dealt with in this chapter. The .-phenylene group has a stiffening effect so that the polymers have high softening temperatures. As a consequence, the polymers are generally rigid at room temperature and have high heat deformation temperatures. Such polymers are counted as engineering thermoplastics, i.e. materials which lend themselves to use in engineering design, being capable of substituting for traditional materials, particularly metals.
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| 14 |
,Cellulose and Related Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant of naturally occurring polymers and is of immense technological importance. In addition, cellulose may be subjected to numerous chemical modifications and several cellulose derivatives are also of industrial importance. Cellulose itself and the derivatives which find commercial use form the principal contents of this chapter. The carbohydrate, starch, is also briefly considered.
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| 15 |
,Phenol-Formaldehyde Polymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
Phenol-formaldehyde polymers are polymers formed by the interaction of a phenol, or a mixture of phenols, and formaldehyde. Commercial materials are most commonly based on phenol itself; other phenols such as cresols, xylenols and resorcinol are used to a limited extent. It may be noted that several aldehydes other than formaldehyde have been used to prepare phenolic polymers but none has attained appreciable commercial significance.
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| 16 |
,Aminopolymers, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, aminopolymers are defined as polymers formed by the interaction of amines or amides with aldehydes. Of the various polymers of this type which have been investigated, only two are currently of appreciable commercial importance, namely urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde polymers. In addition, melamine-phenol-formaldehyde and benzoguanamine-formaldehyde polymers find limited application. In the past there has been some commercial interest in thiourea-formaldehyde and aniline-formaldehyde polymers but these products are now of little importance. The aforementioned polymers form the contents of this chapter.
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| 17 |
,Polyurethanes, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, polyurethanes are defined as polymers which contain urethane groups (-NH-CO-O-) in the main polymer chain. However, it is to be noted that in technologically useful polymers of this type the urethane group is not usually the principal group present; other groups such as ester, ether, amide and urea groups are generally contained in the polymer chain in appreciable number.
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| 18 |
,Silicones, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, silicones are defined as polymers comprising alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in which the silicon atoms are joined to organic groups. The following types of structure come within this definition: . and both linear and network silicones find technological use. It is convenient to classify the silicones which are of commercial interest into three groups, namely fluids, elastomers and resins and these various types of materials are considered separately in this chapter.
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| 19 |
,Epoxies, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
For the purposes of this chapter, epoxies are defined as cross-linked polymers in which the cross-linking is derived from reactions of the epoxy group.
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| 20 |
,Polysulphides, |
K. J. Saunders |
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Abstract
Polysulphides of commercial interest are alkyl polysulphides with the general structure [-R-S.-]. where x is commonly in the range 2–4. These polymers find limited use as elastomers.
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发表于 2025-3-21 17:05:33
