Titlebook: Optogenetics; Light-Sensing Protei Hiromu Yawo,Hideki Kandori,Ryoichiro Kageyama Book 2021Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and

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Optogenetics978-981-15-8763-4Series ISSN 0065-2598 Series E-ISSN 2214-8019

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Light Control of Gene Expression Dynamicsised a next question of whether the gene expression patterns play causative roles in triggering specific biological events or not. Here, we introduce optogenetic methods that realize optical control of gene expression dynamics in mammalian cells and would be utilized for answering the question, by referring the past, the present, and the future.

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Channelrhodopsin-Dependent Photo-Behavioral Responses in the Unicellular Green Alga green alga ., a biciliated unicellular alga that inhabits in freshwater, swims with the cilia, and undergoes photosynthesis. It has various advantages as an experimental organism and is used in a wide range of research fields including photosynthesis, cilia, and sexual reproduction. ChRs function as

accomplishment

Structure–Function Relationship of Channelrhodopsinsl of cells with light (optogenetics). Because of recent biophysical, spectroscopic, and computational studies, including the structural determination of cation and anion ChRs, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying light-gated ion conduction has been greatly advanced. In this chapte

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Functional Mechanism of Cl−-Pump Rhodopsin and Its Conversion into H+ Pumpm has been studied as a model for anion transporters. After the success of neural activation by channel rhodopsin, the first Cl.-pump halorhodopsin (HR) had become widely used as a neural silencer. The emergence of artificial and natural anion channel rhodopsins lowered the importance of HRs. Howeve