Titlebook: Optical Systems for Soft X Rays; Alan G. Michette Book 1986 Plenum Press, New York 1986 biology.cell biology.growth.imaging.synchrotron ra

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ly, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun­ ately t

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The Design and Manufacture of X-Ray Diffraction Gratings,wavelength of 4 nm) or perhaps more, it is still possible to use gratings with a few hundred to a few thousand lines per millimeter. Large dispersion is not possible for X rays since if it is too high some of the diffracted radiation may fall outside the critical angle θ. (Section 2.1)

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Future Developments, this chapter the possibilities of further improvements in optical performance and additional uses of existing or improved systems will be discussed. First, however, a brief survey of advances and potential advances in soft X-ray sources will be given.

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Properties of Soft X rays,f radiation, outstanding, sometimes revolutionary, scientific progress has been made. Examples of this are the use of radio waves and, more recently, infrared radiation in astronomy, and the use of electrons (via electron microscopy) in the biological sciences.

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