Titlebook: Open-Channel Flow; M. Hanif Chaudhry Textbook 2022Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license

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GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW,h distance in natural channels and these are varied in constructed channels to suit the existing topographical conditions for economic reasons. In addition, hydraulic structures are provided for flow control. These changes in the channel geometry produce nonuniform flows while changing from one unif

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RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW,ng the pressure distribution as hydrostatic becomes invalid. In addition, if the flow depth changes rapidly, the surface profile may break and flow surface may be discontinuous. Such flows are called rapidly varied flows and these flows cannot be analyzed using the same method as parallel flow due t

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COMPUTATION OF RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW,-made open channels with rapidly varied flows. In contrast to gradually varying flows, the analysis of these flows encounters a number of challenges, including the formation of roll waves, air entrainment, and cavitation. In addition, if the Froude number exceeds its critical value, instabilities mi

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CHANNEL DESIGN,he channel sides and bottom, are considered in its design. There are currently no procedures for selecting optimal channel dimensions directly. Each site has its own set of characteristics that must be taken into account. Typically, channel design is done by trial and error. The channel parameters a

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NUMERICAL METHODS, dependent variables need to be integrated to know their values. And as there is no closed-form solution of these equations, except for very simplified cases, the governing equations (continuity and momentum) need to be integrated numerically..In this chapter, the method of characteristics and its t

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