Titlebook: On Fairness, Justice, and VAR; Russia 2018 and Fran Jorge Tovar Book 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzer

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Jorge Tovar In the case of symptoms, evaluation and treatment are often driven by the degree of bother to the patient. In many cases, patients with mild LUTS of a minimal bother will not even bring these to the attention of their physician. However, when urinary tract decompensation is diagnosed, a more aggres

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Justice and Fairness,ontroversial historical situations in the history of the World Cup to contextualize the philosophical debate with the world of soccer. The novelty of the approach is to build a theoretical framework that allows the reader to comprehend the complexity of achieving consensus, not only in society but also in soccer.

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The Debate of VAR,This chapter also reviews the relevant literature about the impact that the VAR has had on the sport. A thorough review of FIFA’s official experiment to determine the validity of soccer gives way to recent papers showing that the VAR tends to reduce fouls and offside while increasing the minutes played.

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VAR in Russia 2018 and France 2019, impact on the number of minutes played, on referee‘s and when and why it was not used. Although VAR has, statistically, a very high accuracy rate (whose definition is debatable), a qualitative review of its use, using both current and past events, suggests that controversy remains significant even when using the new technology.

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Why and How to Improve VAR,nd France 2019, its use should be adjusted because it is extracting a toll in soccer: the sport relies on its dynamics for survival. The objective should not be to minimize errors but, instead, to make justice, maximizing fairness.