Titlebook: Old Questions and Young Approaches to Animal Evolution; José M. Martín-Durán,Bruno C. Vellutini Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2

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Old Questions and Young Approaches to Animal Evolution

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The Protistan Cellular and Genomic Roots of Animal Multicellularityained purely theoretical for over a century, the recent discovery of the closest extant unicellular relatives of metazoans opened the way to the comparative study of this major evolutionary transition. In this chapter, we will describe how the sequencing of the genomes of multiple protists phylogene

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Exceptionally Preserved Cambrian Fossils in the Genomic EraWhereas modern molecular-based technologies have led to significant progress in understanding the developmental biology and phylogenetic relationships of extant animal phyla, Cambrian soft-bodied fossils represent the only way of studying the morphology of their extinct ancestors. This chapter provi

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Comparative Embryology as a Way to Understand Evolutionry history of Metazoa. The rise of molecular phylogeny and developmental genetics in the last decade of the twentieth century, however, has radically changed the role of comparative embryology in the study of animal evolution. Now, comparative embryology is no longer directly used in building phylog

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How Do Developmental Programs Evolve?earlier in development than the more special characters, scientists realized that morphologies are the result of changes in development. However, changes in development are potentially dangerous, and the more pronounced they are the more likely it is that the animal, if viable at all, will not be ab

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Germ Layer Evolution: Using Novel Approaches to Address a Classic Evolutionary Embryological Problemion that enabled metazoan diversification. The developmental mechanisms that induced germ layer specification during gastrulation are not fully understood, but this process has fascinated embryologists for centuries. The early attempts by descriptive embryologists to understand germ layer specificat

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Origin and Evolution of Nervous Systemsms containing a brain and nerve cord(s) gained cognition, effectively forever changing the way in which organisms interact and adapt to their environment. How did such an incredible organ evolve? Classical views argue nervous systems and later centralization each occurred once in animal evolution, b