Titlebook: Nāgārjuna’s Twelve Gate Treatise; Translated with Intr Hsueh-li Cheng Book 1982 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland 1982 Chine

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The Nature and Value of the Text because it exists only in Chinese translation, modern Western scholars have seldom studied the .. Recently a few have questioned the authenticity of the three treatises, and doubted if they are Nāgārjuna’s and Āryadeva’s work..

Estrogen

Causal Conditionsd to the examination of the concept of . (.). The word . (.) means cause or reason. It often refers to primary cause. The term. (.) means conditions, cause, relationship by fate or margin. It often refers to secondary cause. For example, a seed is ., while rain, wind, sun, farmer, etc. are .. But in

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With or without Characteristics) and characteristics (. .). Metaphysically, the distinction between the two is a distinction between substance and attribute. Grammatically, it is a distinction between a subject and a predicate. Linguistically, it is a distinction between the part of a sentence which serves to identify or designat

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Cause and Effectis chapter he stresses that the marks of causal phenomena cannot be established, for the marks of effect cannot be in any causal condition nor in their combination. Nāgārjuna also argues that since the mark of effect cannot be established, effect is empty. And if effect is empty, all things are empt

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The Creatored, and non-caused. The term other (.) here and in the rest of the chapter means anything other than itself or oneself. It may refer to a person or persons as well as a thing or things. In what follows, Nāgārjuna uses the logic of . to show the absurdity and untenability of each causal view. In doin