Titlebook: Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis; A Practical Textbook Ali F. AbuRahma,Bruce A. Perler Reference work 2022Latest edition The Editor(s) (if ap

Crater

Overview of Cerebrovascular Diseasestitute 80–85% of all strokes. It has been estimated that ≥50% carotid stenosis may be responsible for up to 25% of all ischemic strokes. The common carotid bifurcation and the proximal internal carotid artery account for ≥50% of the lesions. The work-up of patients presenting with asymptomatic caro

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Color Duplex Scanning of the Extracranial Carotid Arteriess, right and left subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries; the internal carotid to common carotid artery peak systolic velocities ratio; flow direction of the vertebral artery (antegrade, retrograde, or bidirectional); analysis of the Doppler spectral waveform of the examined vessels; and the pr

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Ultrasonic Characterization of Carotid Plaques and Its Clinical Implications the risk of stroke increases with increasing grades of stenosis, and as a result a stenosis of ≥80% is used by many surgeons as an indication for surgery, this subgroup does not contain the majority of strokes that will subsequently occur. In addition, because the severity of stenosis cannot identi

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Role of Duplex Ultrasound in Carotid Screeningccessful treatment of acute stroke is challenging. Therefore, the principal strategy against cerebrovascular disease and its role in causing ischemic stroke remains primary stroke prevention. Atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery causes a substantial proportion of ischemic strokes and is easi

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Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Evaluation: Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Events and Contribuse and hardly reversible when clinical events occur. New imaging biomarkers are useful if they can help in the early characterization of a population that is at intermediate risk, in order to detect vascular risk phenotypes and improve their management. Ultrasonography of the carotid arteries is saf

比目鱼

Color Duplex Scanning of the Brachiocephalic/Subclavian Arteriessound in the diagnosis of diseases of the aortic arch vessels and proximal carotid arteries is somewhat limited. Nevertheless, duplex ultrasound can provide direct and indirect clues to the diagnosis of ostial disease of the aortic arch vessels. The characteristics of the wave forms, direction of fl

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Transcranial Doppler Sonographys that can be used in variety clinical situations to provide real-time physiological information that is often unobtainable with other diagnostic studies. Transcranial vascular ultrasound also provides diagnostic and prognostic information that determines patient management decisions across multiple