Titlebook: Neuromodulation in Headache and Facial Pain Management; Principles, Rational Giorgio Lambru,Michel Lanteri-Minet Book 2020 Springer Nature

Deadpan

Occipital Nerve Stimulation, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body”. It is an emerging class of therapy that targets the nervous system at specific sites to alter its function or to suppress abnormal activity. This is currently done by implanting small devices to specifi

做方舟

Sphanopalatine Ganglion Stimulationck over 100 years to work done by Dr. Sluder [1]. In the time since, a number of treatments targeting the SPG have been applied in headaches resistant to standard therapy. These include complete ganglionectomy [2], radiofrequency lesioning [3], injections using alcohol, corticosteroids, lidocaine, c

jagged

Vagus Nerve Stimulationpatients. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the development and assessment of the efficacy of these devices to treat primary headache and facial pain disorders. Non-invasive stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve afferent projection is one such approach whose development is very much

弓箭

不遵守

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulationprogresses in migraine research disclosed new possible targets for novel non-pharmacological treatment strategies for migraine treatment, such as noninvasive neuromodulation methods. Among them, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) gave promising results in pilot studies. tDCS is a noninva

核心

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. TMS acts by inducing electrical fields which cause electric currents to flow in targeted cortical areas. These currents interact with the electrical activity of the brain and can depolarize cortical interneurons and/or projection neurons depending on the characteristics of the stimulation. The ind

Brocas-Area

External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulationleading to patients’ dissatisfaction and treatment discontinuation. There is thus a need to explore new therapeutic approaches that have a better efficacy over side effect profile. Targeting different pathophysiological aspects, many nondrug treatments have been tested in migraine. Among them, nonin

推测

gospel

Neuromodulation in Cluster Headacheassociation with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. Neuromodulation for the treatment of CH can involve both peripheral and central targets. Peripheral targets include stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion, vagus nerve and the greater occipital nerve. Central targeting includes deep brain

idiopathic

Neuromodulation in Other TACS and Other Primary Headachesnomic cephalalgias paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headaches with autonomic symptoms, which belong to the most excruciating headaches. Some are characterized by an absolute indomethacin responsiveness, but the long-term treatment tolerability prof