Titlebook: Neuroimaging of Movement Disorders; Fatta B. Nahab,Noriaki Hattori Book 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

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Transcranial Ultrasonography in Movement Disorders,l sonography (TCS) to assess brainstem and subcortical brain structures has become an important tool for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various movement disorders. Today it is applied in the clinical routine and for research purposes all over the world. Because of the underlying physica

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Applications of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Movement Disorders,ding, walking, and reaching. NIRS uses near-infrared light that penetrates skin and skull bone to measure task-related cortical vascular responses. Although NIRS cannot monitor deep brain structures such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum, its less onerous constraints are a characteristic advantage

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Functional MRI in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism,t disorders. This chapter will briefly introduce a basic overview of fMRI. We will then focus on the successful application of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI in idiopathic Parkinson disease (iPD), a common and critical movement disorder. BOLD fMRI has been extensively used to understand th

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Neuromelanin Imaging in Parkinson Disease,as paramagnetic T1-shortening effects. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) techniques fail to depict the contrast generated by neuromelanin, but there are some neuromelanin-sensitive techniques that allow direct visualization of the SNc and LC as evident high-signal areas. In Parkinson di

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Neuroimaging of Dystonia, body. Named for the body part affected, the common adult onset focal dystonias are blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, and focal hand dystonia. Their pathophysiology and even underlying anatomy remain largely unknown. Neuroimaging does not presently have a clinical role except to

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,Imaging in Huntington’s Disease and Other Choreas,ke, neuroimmunology, and neurooncology have been widely disseminated and become instrumental for identification and treatment of disease, imaging in neurodegenerative movement disorders has been a more challenging application. As the understanding of gradually degenerative conditions like Huntington

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