Titlebook: Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis; Breast Carcinoma M. A. Hayat Book 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 BRCA.T

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Multicentric Breast Cancer: Sentinel Node Biopsy as a Diagnostic Tool,with blue dye and/or a radiocolloid by limited surgery. Compared to routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), sentinel node biopsy causes less morbidity, lower costs, and is more reliable for axillary staging due to multiple section analysis (Haid ., 2002). First described by A. Giuliano 12 yea

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Breast Cancer Recurrence: Role of Serum Tumor Markers CEA and CA 15-3,, and thus they need an effective lifelong follow-up (Lumachi ., 2001). Breast cancer recurrence is a significant problem for clinicians. Even patients with early stage of the disease (stage I–II) have a recurrence rate of ∼ 30%, and local recurrences after conserving therapy have been reported from

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Breast Cancer Patients: Diagnostic Epigenetic Markers in Blood,ssential in normal mammalian development. Recently, it has been shown that epigenetic alterations play an important role in tumorigenesis and represent alternative means of activation of tumor oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and induction of genomic instability (Jones and Baylin,

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Breast Cancer Patients: Detection of Circulating Cancer Cell-Related mRNA Markers with Membrane Arrsing advances in imaging technology and other diagnostic modalities have been achieved recently, early diagnosis of patients with malignancy remains a challenge for physicians. It was reported by Weidner (1993) that active angiogenesis may occur in cancer tissues growing to 2 mm in diameter. Evidenc

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Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Predictive and Prognostic Value of Peripheral Blood Cytokeratin-19 mRNbecause the screening-detected tumors are significantly smaller than symptomatic or palpable tumors and frequently without axillary lymph node involvement. Metastatic involvement in the axillary lymph nodes is a powerful prognostic factor. Although the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Gr

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Tissue Microarrays: Construction and Utilization for Biomarker Studies,., 2001; Venter ., 2001). These data, in combination with advances in molecular biology techniques, including cDNA microarrays and proteomics, have facilitated the identification of numerous molecular biomarkers that have contributed to the field of cancer biology (DeRisi ., 1996). While cDNA microa